Protein-coding gene in humans
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2D gene .[ 5]
The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and to the Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses . In mammalian cells, the enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The product of this gene is a delta chain. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode three different isoforms have been characterized to date. Distinct isoforms of this chain have different expression patterns.[ 5]
References
Further reading
Hook SS, Means AR (2001). "Ca2+ /CaM-dependent kinases: from activation to function". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology . 41 (1): 471– 505. doi :10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.471 . PMID 11264466 .
Yamamoto H (Mar 2002). "[Molecular mechanisms of the intracellular localizations of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II isoforms, and their physiological functions]". Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. Protein, Nucleic Acid, Enzyme . 47 (3): 241– 247. PMID 11889801 .
de Groot RP, den Hertog J, Vandenheede JR (Oct 1993). "Multiple and cooperative phosphorylation events regulate the CREM activator function" . The EMBO Journal . 12 (10): 3903– 3911. doi :10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06068.x . PMC 413673 . PMID 8404858 .
Tombes RM, Krystal GW (Mar 1997). "Identification of novel human tumor cell-specific CaMK-II variants" . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research . 1355 (3): 281– 292. doi :10.1016/S0167-4889(96)00141-3 . PMID 9060999 .
Moyers JS, Bilan PJ, Zhu J, Kahn CR (May 1997). "Rad and Rad-related GTPases interact with calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II" . Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 (18): 11832– 11839. doi :10.1074/jbc.272.18.11832 . PMID 9115241 .
Möhlig M, Wolter S, Mayer P (Jun 1997). "Insulinoma cells contain an isoform of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta associated with insulin secretion vesicles" . Endocrinology . 138 (6): 2577– 2584. doi :10.1210/endo.138.6.5168 . PMID 9165051 .
Bauch A, Campbell KS, Reth M (Jul 1998). "Interaction of the CD5 cytoplasmic domain with the Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase IIdelta" . European Journal of Immunology . 28 (7): 2167– 2177. doi :10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199807)28:07<2167::AID-IMMU2167>3.0.CO;2-L . PMID 9692886 .
Sanger Center, Genome Sequencing Center (Nov 1998). "Toward a complete human genome sequence" . Genome Research . 8 (11): 1097– 1108. doi :10.1101/gr.8.11.1097 . PMID 9847074 .
Hoch B, Meyer R, Hetzer R (Apr 1999). "Identification and expression of delta-isoforms of the multifunctional Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in failing and nonfailing human myocardium" . Circulation Research . 84 (6): 713– 721. doi :10.1161/01.res.84.6.713 . PMID 10189359 .
Tombes RM, Mikkelsen RB, Jarvis WD, Grant S (Oct 1999). "Downregulation of delta CaM kinase II in human tumor cells" . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research . 1452 (1): 1– 11. doi :10.1016/S0167-4889(99)00113-5 . PMID 10525155 .
Rochlitz H, Voigt A, Lankat-Buttgereit B (Apr 2000). "Cloning and quantitative determination of the human Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) isoforms in human beta cells" . Diabetologia . 43 (4): 465– 473. doi :10.1007/s001250051330 . PMID 10819240 .
Inagaki N, Nishizawa M, Arimura N (Sep 2000). "Activation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II within post-synaptic dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons" . Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 (35): 27165– 27171. doi :10.1074/jbc.M003751200 . PMID 10852918 .
Nair JS, DaFonseca CJ, Tjernberg A (Apr 2002). "Requirement of Ca2+ and CaMKII for Stat1 Ser-727 phosphorylation in response to IFN-gamma" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 99 (9): 5971– 5976. Bibcode :2002PNAS...99.5971N . doi :10.1073/pnas.052159099 . PMC 122886 . PMID 11972023 .
Mishra-Gorur K, Singer HA, Castellot JJ (Sep 2002). "The S18 ribosomal protein is a putative substrate for Ca2+ /calmodulin-activated protein kinase II" . Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 (37): 33537– 33540. doi :10.1074/jbc.C200342200 . PMID 12145273 .
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH (Dec 2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 99 (26): 16899– 16903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932 .
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T (Jan 2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs" . Nature Genetics . 36 (1): 40– 45. doi :10.1038/ng1285 . PMID 14702039 .
Gaertner TR, Kolodziej SJ, Wang D (Mar 2004). "Comparative analyses of the three-dimensional structures and enzymatic properties of alpha, beta, gamma and delta isoforms of Ca2+ -calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II" . Journal of Biological Chemistry . 279 (13): 12484– 12494. doi :10.1074/jbc.M313597200 . PMID 14722083 .
Ballif BA, Villén J, Beausoleil SA (Nov 2004). "Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain" . Molecular & Cellular Proteomics . 3 (11): 1093– 1101. doi :10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200 . PMID 15345747 .
External links
Activity Regulation Classification Kinetics Types