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AKT2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1GZK, 1GZN, 1GZO, 1MRV, 1MRY, 1O6K, 1O6L, 1P6S, 2JDO, 2JDR, 2UW9, 2X39, 2XH5, 3D0E, 3E87, 3E88, 3E8D
Identifiers
Aliases	AKT2, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2, HIHGHH, PKBB, PKBBETA, PRKBB, RAC-BETA, AKT serine/threonine kinase 2
External IDs	OMIM: 164731; MGI: 104874; HomoloGene: 48773; GeneCards: AKT2; OMA:AKT2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)
End	40,285,536 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	27,340,251 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right uterine tube; ; right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; right lobe of thyroid gland; ; left lobe of thyroid gland; ; left ovary; ; right ovary; ; body of uterus; ; muscle of thigh; ; canal of the cervix; ; gastrocnemius muscle;
	Top expressed in
	muscle of thigh; ; choroid plexus of fourth ventricle; ; genital tubercle; ; lip; ; granulocyte; ; ascending aorta; ; aortic valve; ; tail of embryo; ; lactiferous gland; ; yolk sac;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity; nucleotide binding; protein kinase activity; kinase activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; protein binding; ATP binding; metal ion binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; endosome; membrane; plasma membrane; nucleoplasm; ruffle membrane; cell cortex; early endosome; nucleus; cytosol; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; protein-containing complex; intracellular anatomical structure;
Biological process	positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane; apoptotic process; positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation; insulin receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; intracellular signal transduction; regulation of cell migration; peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of cell motility; intracellular protein transmembrane transport; activation of GTPase activity; phosphorylation; positive regulation of glucose metabolic process; mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation; multicellular organism development; protein phosphorylation; negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane; glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of vesicle fusion; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; glucose metabolic process; cellular response to insulin stimulus; glycogen metabolic process; protein localization to plasma membrane; regulation of translation; fat cell differentiation; signal transduction; carbohydrate transport; positive regulation of cell migration; positive regulation of glucose import; cellular response to high light intensity; retinal rod cell apoptotic process; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential; negative regulation of apoptotic process; carbohydrate metabolic process; protein kinase B signaling;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	208
	11652
	ENSG00000105221
	ENSMUSG00000004056
	P31751
	Q60823
	NM_001243027; NM_001243028; NM_001626; NM_001330511
	NM_001110208; NM_007434; NM_001331108; NM_001331109
	NP_001229956; NP_001229957; NP_001317440; NP_001617
	NP_001103678; NP_001318037; NP_001318038; NP_031460
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

AKT2, also known as RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase,^[5] is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKT2 gene.^[6] It influences metabolite storage as part of the insulin signal transduction pathway.^[5]

Function

This gene is a putative oncogene encoding a protein belonging to the AKT subfamily of serine/threonine kinases that contain SH2-like (Src homology 2-like) domains. The encoded protein is a general protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins.^[7]

AKT2 has important roles in controlling glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and glucose transport as part of the insulin signal transduction pathway.^[5]

Clinical significance

The gene was shown to be amplified and overexpressed in 2 of 8 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and 2 of 15 primary ovarian tumors. Overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype of a subset of human ductal pancreatic cancers.^[7]

Mice lacking Akt2 have a normal body mass, but display a profound diabetic phenotype, indicating that Akt2 plays a key role in signal transduction downstream of the insulin receptor. Mice lacking Akt2 show worse outcome in breast cancer initiated by the large T antigen as well as the neu oncogene.^[8]

Interactions

AKT2 has been shown to interact with:

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000105221 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004056 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b ^c Tsoukas MA, Mantzoros CS (2016-01-01), Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, Giudice LC (eds.), "Chapter 37 - Lipodystrophy Syndromes", Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric (Seventh Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 648–661.e5, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00037-8, ISBN 978-0-323-18907-1, retrieved 2020-12-18
^ Cheng JQ, Godwin AK, Bellacosa A, Taguchi T, Franke TF, Hamilton TC, Tsichlis PN, Testa JR (November 1992). "AKT2, a putative oncogene encoding a member of a subfamily of protein-serine/threonine kinases, is amplified in human ovarian carcinomas". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89 (19): 9267–71. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.9267C. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.19.9267. PMC 50107. PMID 1409633.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: AKT2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2".
^ Heron-Milhavet L, Khouya N, Fernandez A, Lamb NJ (2011). "Akt1 and Akt2: differentiating the aktion". Histol. Histopathol. 26 (5): 651–62. PMID 21432781.
^ Mitsuuchi Y, Johnson SW, Sonoda G, Tanno S, Golemis EA, Testa JR (September 1999). "Identification of a chromosome 3p14.3-21.1 gene, APPL, encoding an adaptor molecule that interacts with the oncoprotein-serine/threonine kinase AKT2". Oncogene. 18 (35): 4891–8. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203080. PMID 10490823.
^ Figueroa C, Tarras S, Taylor J, Vojtek AB (November 2003). "Akt2 negatively regulates assembly of the POSH-MLK-JNK signaling complex". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (48): 47922–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307357200. PMID 14504284.
^ Laine J, Künstle G, Obata T, Noguchi M (February 2002). "Differential regulation of Akt kinase isoforms by the members of the TCL1 oncogene family". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (5): 3743–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107069200. PMID 11707444.
^ Laine J, Künstle G, Obata T, Sha M, Noguchi M (August 2000). "The protooncogene TCL1 is an Akt kinase coactivator". Mol. Cell. 6 (2): 395–407. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00039-3. PMID 10983986.

External links

Human AKT2 genome location and AKT2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P31751 (RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase) at the PDBe-KB.