5-HT1E receptor

HTR1E
Identifiers
Aliases	HTR1E, 5-HT1E, 5-HT1E receptor, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E
External IDs	OMIM: 182132; HomoloGene: 55491; GeneCards: HTR1E; OMA:HTR1E - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (human)
End	87,016,679 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	gonad; ; testicle; ; prefrontal cortex; ; Brodmann area 9; ; Brodmann area 46; ; right frontal lobe; ; cingulate gyrus; ; anterior cingulate cortex; ; nucleus accumbens; ; superior frontal gyrus;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	G protein-coupled receptor activity; signal transducer activity; serotonin binding; G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity; neurotransmitter receptor activity; protein binding;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; plasma membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; membrane; dendrite;
Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; signal transduction; chemical synaptic transmission; G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	3354
	n/a
	ENSG00000168830
	n/a
	P28566
	n/a
	NM_000865
	n/a
	NP_000856
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 1E receptor (5-HT_1E) is a highly expressed human G-protein coupled receptor^[3] that belongs to the 5-HT₁ receptor family (G_i-coupled serotonin receptor).^[4]^[5] The human gene is denoted as HTR1E.^[6]

Function

The function of the 5-HT_1E receptor is unknown due to the lack of selective pharmacological tools, specific antibodies, and permissive animal models.^[7] The 5-HT_1E receptor gene lacks polymorphisms amongst humans (few mutations), indicating a high degree of evolutionary conservation of genetic sequence, which suggests that the 5-HT_1E receptor has an important physiological role in humans.^[8] It is hypothesized that the 5-HT_1E receptor is involved in the regulation of memory in humans due to the high abundance of receptors in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb, all of which are regions of the brain integral to memory regulation.^[9]

This receptor is unique among the serotonin receptors in that it is not known to be expressed by rats or mouse species, all of which lack the gene encoding the 5-HT_1E receptor. However the genomes of the pig, rhesus monkey, and several lagomorphs (including rabbit) as well as the guinea pig each encode a homologous 5-HT_1E receptor gene.^[9] The guinea pig is the most likely candidate for future study of 5-HT_1E receptor function in vivo. The expression of 5-HT_1E receptors in the guinea pig brain has been pharmacologically confirmed; 5-HT_1E receptor expression patterns of the human and guinea pig brains appear to be similar.^[7] In the human cortex, the expression of 5-HT_1E undergoes a marked transition during adolescence, in a way that is strongly correlated with the expression of 5-HT_1B.^[10]

The most closely related receptor to the 5-HT_1E is the 5-HT_1F receptor. They share 57% amino acid sequence homology and have some pharmacological characteristics in common.^[11] Both receptors are G_i-coupled (inhibit adenylate cyclase activity) and both receptors have high affinities for 5-HT and low affinities for 5-carboxyamidotryptaine and mesulergine.^[12] However, due to major differences in brain expression patterns, these receptors are unlikely to mediate similar functions in humans. For example, 5-HT_1E receptors are abundant in the hippocampus but are not detectable in the striatum (caudate and putamen of the human brain), while the opposite is true for the 5-HT_1F receptor. Thus, conclusions about the function of the 5-HT_1E receptor cannot be ascribed to the function of the 5-HT_1F receptor, and vice versa.^[7]

Selective ligands

No highly selective 5-HT_1E ligands are available yet. [³H]5-HT remains the only radioligand available with high affinity for the 5-HT_1E receptor (5nM).

Agonists

BRL-54443 (5-Hydroxy-3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-indole) - mixed 5-HT_1E/1F agonist

Antagonists

None as yet.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000168830 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Leonhardt S, Herrick-Davis K, Titeler M (Aug 1989). "Detection of a novel serotonin receptor subtype (5-HT1E) in human brain: interaction with a GTP-binding protein". Journal of Neurochemistry. 53 (2): 465–71. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07357.x. PMID 2664084. S2CID 43594695.
^ McAllister G, Charlesworth A, Snodin C, Beer MS, Noble AJ, Middlemiss DN, Iversen LL, Whiting P (Jun 1992). "Molecular cloning of a serotonin receptor from human brain (5HT1E): a fifth 5HT1-like subtype". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (12): 5517–21. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.5517M. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5517. PMC 49323. PMID 1608964.
^ Levy FO, Holtgreve-Grez H, Taskén K, Solberg R, Ried T, Gudermann T (Aug 1994). "Assignment of the gene encoding the 5-HT1E serotonin receptor (S31) (locus HTR1E) to human chromosome 6q14-q15". Genomics. 22 (3): 637–40. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1439. PMID 8001977.
^ "Entrez Gene: HTR1E 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1E".
^ ^a ^b ^c Klein MT, Teitler M (Apr 2009). "Guinea pig hippocampal 5-HT(1E) receptors: a tool for selective drug development". Journal of Neurochemistry. 109 (1): 268–74. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05958.x. PMC 2827198. PMID 19200348.
^ Shimron-Abarbanell D, Nöthen MM, Erdmann J, Propping P (Apr 1995). "Lack of genetically determined structural variants of the human serotonin-1E (5-HT1E) receptor protein points to its evolutionary conservation". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 29 (2): 387–90. doi:10.1016/0169-328X(95)00003-B. PMID 7609628.
^ ^a ^b Bai F, Yin T, Johnstone EM, Su C, Varga G, Little SP, Nelson DL (Jan 2004). "Molecular cloning and pharmacological characterization of the guinea pig 5-HT1E receptor". European Journal of Pharmacology. 484 (2–3): 127–39. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.11.019. PMID 14744596.
^ Shoval G, Bar-Shira O, Zalsman G, John Mann J, Chechik G (Jul 2014). "Transitions in the transcriptome of the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the human brain during adolescence". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 24 (7): 1123–32. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.02.009. PMID 24721318. S2CID 14534307.
^ Barnes NM, Sharp T (Aug 1999). "A review of central 5-HT receptors and their function". Neuropharmacology. 38 (8): 1083–152. doi:10.1016/S0028-3908(99)00010-6. PMID 10462127. S2CID 5930124.
^ Adham N, Kao HT, Schecter LE, Bard J, Olsen M, Urquhart D, Durkin M, Hartig PR, Weinshank RL, Branchek TA (Jan 1993). "Cloning of another human serotonin receptor (5-HT1F): a fifth 5-HT1 receptor subtype coupled to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (2): 408–12. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90..408A. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.2.408. PMC 45671. PMID 8380639.