平翹音是指存在于漢語方言中的两組對立的聲母。在官話裏/ʦ/、/ʦʰ/、/s/稱爲平舌音，聲母/ʈʂ/、/ʈʂʰ/、/ʂ/稱爲翹舌音。
平翹音的區別源於中古漢語的精組聲母（ʦ、ʦʰ、s等）和莊組聲母（ʈʂ或tʃ、ʈʂʰ或tʃʰ、ʂ或ʃ等）、章組聲母（ʨ、ʨʰ、ɕ等）、知組聲母（ʈ或ȶ、ʈʰ或ȶʰ等）的对立，以及韻母、介音對莊組、章組、知組聲母的影響。
分平翹是中古音音系向現代漢語各方言音系的演變現象。據熊正輝的研究[1]，分平翹的演變規律可以分三個類型，分別以三種方言為代表。三种類型的大致規律是：
除此以外，還有部分官話方言分成三組平翹舌，分別有齿龈音、齦硬腭音和捲舌音，包括部分中原官話、冀魯官話和膠遼官話的方言。
老派南京話分平翹舌z、c、s和zh、ch、sh，且和《廣韻》中古音有嚴格的演變規律。長江上下游的西南官話與江淮官話中，凡是分平翹的方言都屬於南京型。
老派南京話分平翹的規律如下表：
《廣韻》中古音的知組、莊組、章組聲母在標準濟南話中一律演變為翹舌音，精組聲母一律演變為平舌音。粵語的粵北連縣、廣西桂平、平南等地的粵方言和徽語中的祁門話分平翹音[2]，且都屬於濟南型，只是翹舌幅度沒有官話般大。
濟南話分平翹規律如下表：
以昌黎話和徐州話為代表，在這兩個方言中，精組、莊組、知組二等韻和章組三等止攝開口呼的字聲母一律演變為平舌音，知組三等、章組三等非止攝開口呼的字聲母一律演變為翹舌音。梅州地區凡是分平翹的客家話都屬於昌徐型平翹。吳語太湖片凡是分平翹的方言（如老派蘇州話）也都屬於昌徐型平翹。
昌黎話和徐州話分平翹規律如下表：
很多方言分平翹，但是和中古音無嚴格的對應規律。這主要是由於這些方言受到上面三個類型方言的綜合影響。比如普通話基於北京話，平翘底层属于济南型，但还受到南京型的影響。如“窄”和“嘖”中古音都是側柏切，是同音字，都屬於莊組二等梗攝。北京話的“窄”白讀保持为翹舌 zhǎi [tʂaɪ˨˩˦]，但“嘖”受了南京型的影響，文讀成平舌 zé [tsɤ˧˥]。故而兩字在普通話中不再是同音字。
很多漢語方言不分平翹音。
大多數不分平翹的方言把翹舌音的字一律讀成平舌音，比如廣州話。韓語的漢字讀音也不分平翹。比如知組三等流攝的“肘”和精組流攝的“走”，任何分平翹的漢語方言都會把“肘”讀成翹舌、把“走”讀成平舌，但是韓語把兩字都讀成 주 [tɕu]，廣州話把兩字都讀成阴上聲 zau2 [tsɐu˧˥]。
東北官話中，一部分方言（如吉瀋片通溪小片，參見瀋陽話）全讀平舌音，一部分方言（如黑松片嫩克小片）多讀翹舌音，部分方言（如哈阜片長錦小片部分）則將兩組音視作自由變體。[3][4]
另外湖北宜昌、荊州、荊門部分地區方言同樣會都把平舌音發翹舌音。
Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as: KML GPX (all coordinates) GPX (primary coordinates) GPX (secondary coordinates) Leigh skyline in 1974. This is a list of cotton spinning mills, weaving sheds, bleachers and dyers and other textile mills in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England. They were in the towns, townships and villages of Ashton-in-Makerfield, Aspull, Astley, Atherton, Bedford, Leigh, Golborne, Haigh Hindley Ince-in-Makerfield, Orre…
Nguyễn Thanh ThảoThông tin cá nhânTên đầy đủ Nguyễn Thanh ThảoNgày sinh 13 tháng 5 năm 1995 (28 tuổi)Nơi sinh Châu Đốc, An Giang, Việt NamChiều cao 1,78 mVị trí Hậu vệThông tin câu lạc bộĐội hiện nay Thành phố Hồ Chí MinhSố áo 32Sự nghiệp cầu thủ trẻ2010–2016 Becamex Bình DươngSự nghiệp cầu thủ chuyên nghiệp*Năm Đội ST (BT)2017–2023 Becamex Bình Dương 85 (5)2023- Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh 3 (1) *…
Адміністративна реформа Польщі (1999) Адміністративна реформа Польщі — адміністративна реформа, що набула чинності від 1 січня 1999 року. Зміст 1 Мета 2 Реалізація 3 Наслідки 4 Підготовка до реформи 5 Оцінка Сейму та Сенату 6 Окремі критерії 7 Утворені воєводства 8 Примітки 9 Дж
Polish journalist, writer and socialite Antoni Marian Henryk SobańskiBorn1 May 1898Obodówka, PolandDied13 April 1941 (1941-04-14) (aged 42)London, England Antoni Marian Henryk Sobański (1 May 1898[1] – 13 April 1941) was a Polish journalist, writer and socialite. He is mainly associated with Wiadomości Literackie (a literary newspaper) and the liberal artistic bohemia of the Polish interwar period, including Skamander. He worked for both The Times and the BBC. He is menti…
American TV adventure/drama television series (1960–1961) DanteHoward Duff and Barbara English in The Devil to Pay, 1961Created byBlake EdwardsStarringHoward DuffAlan MowbrayTom D'AndreaMort MillsComposerLeith StevensCountry of originUnited StatesNo. of seasons1No. of episodes26ProductionRunning time25 minutesOriginal releaseNetworkNBCReleaseOctober 3, 1960 (1960-10-03) –April 10, 1961 (1961-04-10) Dante is an American adventure/drama television series.[1] It starred H…
Pagoda SulePagoda Sule terletak di Yangon sebagai sebuah situs sejarah dan keagamaan.Informasi umumJenisPusat Kota Yangon dan titik penting politik dan keagamaanLokasiYangon, BurmaRampungdiperkirakan 2500 tahun laluYangon City Landmark Pagoda Sule (bahasa Burma: ဆူးေလဘုရား, diucapkan [sʰúlè pʰəjá]) adalah sebuah stupa Burma yang terletak di jantung pusat kota Yangon yang berada di tengah kota dan memiliki peran penting dalam politik, ideologi, dan geografi Burm…
クララ・ボウClara Bow 本名 Clara Gordon Bow生年月日 (1905-07-29) 1905年7月29日没年月日 (1965-09-27) 1965年9月27日（60歳没）出生地 ブルックリン国籍 アメリカ合衆国配偶者 レックス・ベル（1962年死別）テンプレートを表示 クララ・ボウ（Clara Gordon Bow、1905年7月29日 - 1965年9月27日）は、アメリカ合衆国の女優。ニューヨーク州ニューヨーク市ブルックリン出身。夫のレックス・ベルは
Former personal health record by Microsoft Microsoft HealthVaultMicrosoft HealthVault websiteDeveloper(s)MicrosoftInitial release2007TypePersonal health recordWebsitehealthvault.com Microsoft HealthVault (2007–2019) was a web-based personal health record created by Microsoft, in October 2007, to store and maintain health and fitness information.[1][2][3][4] This website was for use by both individuals and healthcare professionals, and in June 2010, it expanded i…
Series of comic books This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Nintendo Comics System – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Nintendo Comics SystemCover of the first issue The Nintendo Comics System was a series of comic books pub…
Artificial nuclides with atomic number of 93 but with different mass numbers Isotopes of neptunium (93Np) Main isotopes[1] Decay abundance half-life (t1/2) mode product 235Np synth 396.1 d α 231Pa ε 235U 236Np synth 1.54×105 y ε 236U β− 236Pu α 232Pa 237Np trace 2.144×106 y α 233Pa 239Np trace 2.356 d β− 239Pu viewtalkedit Neptunium (93Np) is usually considered an artificial element, although trace quantities are found in nature, so a sta…
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Second Bhattacharjee ministry – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2019) (Learn how and when…
Bố cục của một bàn sic bo Sic bo (21, Vingt-et-un hay Pontoon) tại Việt Nam thường được gọi là tài xỉu, ít phổ biến hơn là các tên lớn và nhỏ hoặc theo cách gọi tại Philippines và Thái Lan là hi-lo (viết tắt của High - Cao và Low - Thấp, trong Tiếng Anh),[1] là một trò chơi với ba con xúc xắc mỗi con có 6 mặt mỗi mặt có các dấu chấm từ 1-6. Grand risk và chuck-a-luck là 2 biến thể, trò chơi đ…
International Organization of Legal MetrologyAbbreviationOIMLFormation1955; 68 years ago (1955)TypeIGOLegal statusTreatyPurposeLegal metrologyHeadquartersParis, FranceRegion served WorldMembership Sovereign statesOfficial language English, FrenchBudget €2 millionWebsitewww.oiml.org The International Organization of Legal Metrology (French: Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale - OIML), is an intergovernmental organisation that was created in 1955 to promote the g…
National mausoleum in Hanoi, VietnamPresident Ho Chi Minh MausoleumLocationBa Dinh District, Hanoi, VietnamCoordinates21°2′12″N 105°50′5″E / 21.03667°N 105.83472°E / 21.03667; 105.83472Area12.000 m²Height21.6 m (70 ft 10 in)Built1973–75Built forHo Chi MinhArchitectGarol IsakovichArchitectural style(s)Brutalism This article is part of a series aboutHồ Chí Minh Indochinese Communist Party, Việt Minh, and the struggle for independence Frenc…
Gregorius dari Nyssa Gregorius dari Nyssa adalah salah seorang Bapa Gereja yang berasal dari Kapadokia.[1][2] Bersama dengan Gregorius dari Nazianzus dan Basilius Agung, ia diberikan gelar Bapa-bapa Kapadokia.[2] Salah satu sumbangan penting dari mereka adalah melakukan integrasi kebudayaan klasik ke dalam agama Kristen.[2] Riwayat Hidup De virginitate Gregorius dari Nyssa adalah adik dari Basilius Agung. Ia dilahirkan di Kaisarea pada tahun 335.[2] Sama s…
若非特別註明，本條目所有時間皆為東九區標準時間（UTC+9）。 1973年根室半岛近海地震烈度分布图（黑色矩形代表大致的震源域）日期1973年（昭和48年）6月17日發生時間12時55分02.0秒（JST）震级Mj 7.4[1] / Ms 7.7[2]震源深度44km[1]震中 日本北海道根室半岛东南近海42°35′N 145°34′E / 42.58°N 145.57°E / 42.58; 145.57坐标：42°35′N 145°34′E / þ…
Human settlement in ScotlandMount VernonMount Vernon's local shops on Grantlea Terrace.Mount VernonLocation within GlasgowOS grid referenceNS658628Council areaGlasgow City CouncilLieutenancy areaGlasgowCountryScotlandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townGLASGOWPostcode districtG32 9/0Dialling code0141PoliceScotlandFireScottishAmbulanceScottish UK ParliamentGlasgow EastScottish ParliamentGlasgow Shettleston List of places UK Scotland Glasgow 55°50′…
Excavation method using explosives This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Drilling and blasting – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Rock blasting in Finland Drilling and blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other…
This article is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this article, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (November 2017) Ryan T. FoxPersonal informationBorn (1986-10-07) October 7, 1986 (age 37)Edgerton, Wisconsin, United StatesHeight6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)Weight160 lb (73 kg) Medal record Representing United States Men's Rowing 2009 Poland Eights Ryan T. Fox (born October 7, 1986) is an American rowing athlete with the United Sta…
Category of literary composition This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Literary genre – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Literature Oral literature Folklore Fable Fairy tale Folk play Folksong Heroic epic Legend Myth Proverb Or…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.145.16.26