喻三歸匣

古纽研究结论
古无轻唇
古无舌上
古無正齒
娘日归泥
喻三歸匣
喻四歸定
照二歸精
照三歸知
古無邪紐

喻三歸匣曾運乾所提出之漢語音韻學概念,即上古漢語沒有喻三這個聲母,它在古時可歸為匣母(gh)。曾運乾在《喻母古讀考》中提出:“喻於二母(近人分喻母三等于母)本非影母濁聲:于母古隸牙聲匣母,喻母古隸舌聲定母。”

上古聲母(沙構擬)在中古漢語(切韻音)表現
表中字母爲中古音白一平轉寫對應的國際音標
表中漢字爲《切韻考》字母,圓括號中是上古r介音字(中古II、IIIB)
僅列出影曉喩匣相關來源,突出顯示喩三四歸匣(匣歸羣喩)、喩四歸定(定歸常喩)關係,其餘上古複輔音省略
上古音類
僅列無r介音
全淸 次淸 全濁 喉塞音與閃音
上古合口
中後元音
次濁
牙音 III kʰʲ ŋʲ -
ˁ k̠ʰ ɦ̟ ŋ
小舌 ʔ - ʔ
III ʔʲ x̠ʲ 喩四 ɦʲ

喩四 ɦʲ ( ɖ)

喩三 ɦʲʷ ʔʲ
邊音 ɕ ( ʈʰ) - -
ˁ ( ʈʰ) d ( ɖ)
舌音 t ( ʈ) ( ʈʰ) n ( ɳ) l
III ( ʈʲ) tɕʰ ( ʈʰʲ) 常(禪) ( ɖʲ) ȵ ( ɳʲ)

例證

  • 古讀瑗(喻三母)如奐,《春秋》左氏經襄二十七‘陳孔奐’,公羊作‘陳孔瑗’。按:奐,胡玩切,匣母。
  • 賣柑者言》:“出之燁然,玉質而金色。”注:“燁,從火華聲。”今音:燁,余三於母;古音:從華聲。華,匣母。

現代保留

吳語寧波台州溫州等喻母脫落的沿海方言除外)中,喻母(云母與以母)被整體保留爲[ɦ],區別於影母三等[ʔj],少部分/ɦw/演化爲[v]少部分脫落。

其餘方言也有不同程度的保留,但不系統,如普通話「雄」、「鴞」等。

參考文獻

Read other articles:

This is a list of arenas that currently serve as the home venue for NCAA Division I college ice hockey teams. Conference affiliations reflect those in the ongoing 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey and 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey seasons. The arenas serve as home venues for both the men's and women's teams except where noted. In addition, venues which are not located on campus or are used infrequently during the season have been listed. Current arenas Off-campus aren...

 

Struktur gugus fungsional hidrazona Hidrazona adalah suatu kelas senyawa organik dengan struktur R1R2C=NNH2.[1] Senyawaan ini mirip dengan keton dan aldehida dengan penggantian atom oksigen dengan gugus fungsi NNH2. Senyawa ini biasanya terbentuk sebagai reaksi antara suatu hidrazina dengan keton atau aldehida.[2][3] Aplikasi Pembentukan turunan hidrazona aromatik digunakan untuk mengukur konsentrasi aldehida dan keton dengan berat molekul rendah, misalnya dalam aliran...

 

Kawasan SchengenPeta Eropa   Kawasan Schengen  Negara dengan perbatasan terbuka, tetapi tidak termasuk kawasan Schengen atau Uni Eropa  Anggota Uni Eropa yang secara hukum berkewajiban supaya bergabung dengan kawasan Schengen, tetapi belum berpartisipasi dalam keanggotaanKebijakan dari Uni EropaJenisKawasan perbatasan terbukaDitetapkan pada1995Anggota 26 negara  Austria Belanda Belgia Ceko Denmark Estonia Finlandia Hu...

العلاقات الدومينيكية اللاوسية دومينيكا لاوس   دومينيكا   لاوس تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الدومينيكية اللاوسية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين دومينيكا ولاوس.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقار...

 

Velódromo Alcides Nieto PatiñoLocationCali, ColombiaCoordinates3°24′41″N 76°33′3″W / 3.41139°N 76.55083°W / 3.41139; -76.55083Capacity7,650Field size250 m (270 yd) trackSurfaceWoodConstructionBuilt1970–1971Opened1971Renovated2007 The Velódromo Alcides Nieto Patiño is a velodrome in Cali, Colombia. It was opened in 1971 and renovated in 2007. It is a regular location for the UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics and hosted the 2014 UCI Track C...

 

Israel's day of commemoration for the Jews murdered in the Holocaust For similar commemorations which are held on different days, see Holocaust memorial days. Yom HaShoahMarch of the Living at Auschwitz, 2014Also calledYom HaZikaron laShoah ve-laG'vurahHolocaust Remembrance DayObserved byState of IsraelMany Jews elsewhereTypeJewish (national)SignificanceCommemorating the six million Jews murdered in the Holocaust, and the heroism of survivors and rescuersObservancesFlags lowered to half-...

Japanese ship Not to be confused with Tōya Maru. This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Toyama Maru Toyama Maru in 1941 History Japan NameToyama Maru Laid down4 August 1913 Launched20 March 1915 Completed3 June 1915 FateSunk by USS Sturgeon near T...

 

سفارة اليابان لدى البحرين اليابان البحرين الإحداثيات 26°13′11″N 50°34′52″E / 26.21962°N 50.58112°E / 26.21962; 50.58112   البلد البحرين  المكان المنامة العنوان المنامة، مجمع 327 السفير هيديكي إيتو الاختصاص البحرين  الموقع الالكتروني الموقع الرسمي  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   �...

 

Norwegian cyclist This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Gunn-Rita Dahle FlesjåDahle Flesjå in 2016Personal informationFull nameGunn-Rita Dahle FlesjåNicknameCat Woman, The Iron Woman, Mountain-bike QueenBorn (1973-02-10) 10 February 1973 (age 51)Stavanger, NorwayHeight17...

Державний комітет телебачення і радіомовлення України (Держкомтелерадіо) Приміщення комітетуЗагальна інформаціяКраїна  УкраїнаДата створення 2003Керівне відомство Кабінет Міністрів УкраїниРічний бюджет 1 964 898 500 ₴[1]Голова Олег НаливайкоПідвідомчі ор...

 

Attacco! A scuola coi giganti進撃!巨人中学校(Shingeki! Kyojin chūgakkō)Copertina del primo volume dell'edizione italiana Generecommedia, parodia MangaAutoreSaki Nakagawa EditoreKōdansha RivistaBessatsu Shōnen Magazine Targetshōnen 1ª edizione9 aprile 2012 – 9 luglio 2016 Tankōbon11 (completa) Editore it.Panini Comics - Planet Manga Collana 1ª ed. it.Manga Hero 1ª edizione it.21 aprile 2016 – 7 dicembr...

 

College in California, USA This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments, a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use. It may require c...

Mathematical behavior near singularities The imaginary part of the complex logarithm. Trying to define the complex logarithm on C \ {0} gives different answers along different paths. This leads to an infinite cyclic monodromy group and a covering of C \ {0} by a helicoid (an example of a Riemann surface). In mathematics, monodromy is the study of how objects from mathematical analysis, algebraic topology, algebraic geometry and differential geometry behave as they run rou...

 

For older polls, see Early/Mid 2012 statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election and Pre-2012 statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election. This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this messag...

 

Daftar ini belum tentu lengkap. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. Wakil Wali Kota MakassarPetahanaLowongsejak 2 November 2023Pemerintah Kota MakassarKediamanRumah Dinas Jabatan Wakil Wali Kota Makassar, Bua Kana, Rappocini, MakassarMasa jabatan5 tahun dan dapat dipilih kembali untuk satu kali masa jabatanDibentuk1921; 103 tahun lalu (1921)Pejabat pertamaRutgers (Hindia Belanda, 1921)Situs webSitus web resmi Berikut adalah daftar Wakil Wali Kota Makassar secara d...

Paul Martin 21.° Primer ministro de Canadá 12 de diciembre de 2003-6 de febrero de 2006Monarca Isabel IIPredecesor Jean ChrétienSucesor Stephen Harper Miembro de la Cámara de los Comunes de Canadápor LaSalle—Émard 21 de noviembre de 1988-14 de octubre de 2008Predecesor Claude LanthierSucesor Lise Zarac Información personalNombre de nacimiento Paul Edgar Philippe Martin Nacimiento 28 de agosto de 1938 (85 años) Windsor, Ontario, CanadáResidencia Montreal Nacionalidad Canadiense...

 

Unincorporated Area Genoa is an area in Houston, Texas, United States located about 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Downtown Houston; it was formerly a distinct unincorporated area in Harris County. History J. H. Burnett established Genoa in 1892; he gave the community the name Genoa because he believed that the climate was similar to the climate of Genoa, Italy. The post office opened during that year. The founder built a railroad depot serving the Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railroa...

 

Anonymous Hebrew chronicle Rabbinic literatureTalmud Readers by Adolf Behrman Talmudic literature Tannaitic Mishnah Tosefta Amoraic (Gemara) Jerusalem Talmud Babylonian Talmud Later Minor Tractates Halakhic Midrash Exodus Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai Leviticus Sifra (Torat Kohanim) Numbers and Deuteronomy Sifre Sifrei Zutta on Numbers (Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim) Aggadic Midrash Tannaitic Seder Olam Rabbah Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules...

هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (سبتمبر 2019) جامع م...

 

この項目「ChIA-PET」は途中まで翻訳されたものです。(原文:en:ChIA-PET)翻訳作業に協力して下さる方を求めています。ノートページや履歴、翻訳のガイドラインも参照してください。要約欄への翻訳情報の記入をお忘れなく。(2010年11月) ChIA-PET法(英: Chromatin Interaction Analysis by Paired-End Tag Sequencing、ペアエンドタグの配列解析によるクロマチン相互作用解析)は、�...