伯顿·里克特

伯頓·里克特1976年诺贝尔物理学奖得主
Burton Richter
出生(1931-03-22)1931年3月22日
 美国紐約州紐約市布魯克林區
逝世2018年7月18日(2018歲—07—18)(87歲)
 美国加利福尼亞州斯坦福
国籍 美国
母校麻省理工學院
知名于發現J/ψ介子
配偶勞羅絲·里克特(Laurose Becker)
(1960年結婚;有2個小孩)[3]
奖项歐內斯特·奧蘭多·勞倫斯獎英语Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award(1975年)
諾貝爾物理學獎(1976年)
恩里科·費米獎(2010年)
科学生涯
机构史丹佛大學
SLAC國家加速器實驗室
博士導師伯納德·托布·費爾德英语Bernard T. Feld[1][2]

伯顿·里克特(英語:Burton Richter,1931年3月22日—2018年7月18日[4]),美国物理学家,1984年到1999年間擔任SLAC國家加速器實驗室主任。里克特帶領SLAC國家加速器實驗室團隊與另一個由丁肇中帶領的布魯克黑文國家實驗室團隊,同時發現J/ψ介子,並於1974年11月發表成果,這項發現造成粒子物理學上的「十一月革命」,隨後里克特與丁肇中在1976年共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖

生平

里克特是正統的紐約市人,他出身於紐約布魯克林區的一個猶太家庭[5],並在紐約皇后區遠洛克威英语Far Rockaway, Queens一帶長大[6]。他的父母是紡織工人[7],里克特在高中時就讀遠洛克威高中英语Far Rockaway High School巴魯克·塞繆爾·布隆伯格理察·費曼等知名科學家皆曾於該校畢業[8]里克特後來就讀摩爾西斯堡學院英语Mercersburg Academy,之後並於麻省理工學院深造,里克特在1952年獲得學士學位,並在1956年獲得博士學位。在1984年至1999年期間,里克特擔任SLAC國家加速器實驗室主任。[3]

史丹佛大學擔任教授其間,里克特幫助大衛·里特森(David Ritson),並且在美國原子能委員會支持下,建立史丹福正負電子非對稱圈英语SPEAR粒子加速器[9]1974年,里克特帶領的SLAC國家加速器實驗室團隊發現一種新的次原子粒子,並命名為ψ介子;同一時期,由丁肇中領導的布魯克黑文國家實驗室也發現相同的新次原子粒子,並且命名為J介子。由於科學社群認為無論採用哪一方的命名名稱,都會對另一方的命名權不公平,因此之後的論文都把這個新粒子並列稱為J/ψ介子。里克特與丁肇中也因為同時發現J/ψ介子,於1976年共同獲得諾貝爾物理學獎[10]

里克特是JASON顧問團英语JASON (advisory group)的一份子,對提升美國聯邦政府科學政策的美國科學家與工程師專業協會英语Scientists and Engineers for America提供協助。[11]

2007年5月,里克特造訪位於伊朗首都德黑蘭謝里夫理工大學[12]

核能議題上,里克特提倡用核能解決氣候暖化危機。2013年,里克特與湯姆·威格利英语Tom Wigley克里·伊曼纽尔肯·卡德拉英语Ken Caldeira詹姆斯·愛德華·漢森四位科學家發表一封公開信,認為德國總理梅克爾關閉核電廠的政策是“錯誤的決定”。[13]

獎項與榮耀

1975年,里克特獲得歐內斯特·奧蘭多·勞倫斯獎英语Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award[14]

1976年,里克特與丁肇中同時發現J/ψ介子,因而共同獲得諾貝爾物理學獎[10]

2012年,美國總統巴拉克·歐巴馬宣布伯顿·里克特與米爾德里德·德雷斯爾豪斯一同獲得恩里科·費米獎[11]

參見

参考资料

  1. ^ Burton Richter. Photoproduction of Positive Pions from Hydrogen by 265 MEV Gamma Rays (学位论文). 1956 [2014-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-19). 
  2. ^ MIT libraries Ph.D. Thesis record (学位论文). [2016-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-16). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Burton Richter. Nobelprize.org. [2016-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-25). 
  4. ^ University, Stanford. Nobel Prize-winning physicist Burton Richter dies at 87. Stanford News (新闻稿). Stanford News. 2018-07-19 [2018-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-20) (美国英语). 
  5. ^ Shalev, Baruch A. (2002). 100 Years of Nobel Prizes. The Americas Group. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-935047-37-0
  6. ^ Crease, Robert P.; Mann, Charles C. In Search of the Z Particle. The New York Times. 1986-10-26 [2007-10-02]. Burton Richter was born in Brooklyn 55 years ago, but grew up in Far Rockaway, Queens. 
  7. ^ Burton Richter. encyclopedia.com. [2016-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-20). 
  8. ^ Schwach, Howard. Museum tracks down FRHS Nobel laureates. The Wave英语The Wave (newspaper). 2005-04-15 [2007-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2007-10-11). Burton Richter graduated from Far Rockaway High School in 1948. 
  9. ^ Burton Richter - Biographical. Jewish Virtual Library. [2016-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-20). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976. Nobelprize.org. [2016-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2008-08-30). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 President Obama Names Scientists Mildred Dresselhaus and Burton Richter as the Enrico Fermi Award Winners. 2012-01-11 [2016-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-23). 
  12. ^ Erdbrink, Thomas. Iran makes the sciences a part of its revolution. The Washington Post. 2008-06-06 [2010-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-05). 
  13. ^ Environmental scientists tout nuclear power to avert climate change - CNN.com. CNN. 2013-11-03 [2016-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-07). 
  14. ^ Award Laureates. United States Department of Energy. [2016-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-22). 

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