安德烈娅·盖兹

安德烈娅·M·盖兹诺贝尔奖得主
Andrea M. Ghez
Ghez in 2008
出生 (1965-06-16) 1965年6月16日（59歲）
 美国纽约州纽约
国籍 美国
母校麻省理工学院 (B.S. Physics, 1987)
加州理工学院 (Ph.D., 1992)
知名于使用自适应光学研究星系中心.[1]
奖项克拉福德奖 (2012年)
诺贝尔物理学奖（2020年）
科学生涯
研究领域天文学
机构加州大学洛杉矶分校
论文The Multiplicity of T Tauri Stars in the Star Forming Regions Taurus-Auriga and Ophiuchus-Scorpius: A 2.2μm Speckle Imaging Survey（1993）
博士導師格里·诺伊格鲍尔

安德烈娅·米娅·盖兹（英語：Andrea Mia Ghez，1965年6月16日—），美国天文学家，加州大学洛杉矶分校物理学和天文学教授，在對於銀河系中心的研究領域頗具盛名。[2]2004年，《发现》杂志将其列为美国前20位在各自领域表现出高度理解力的科学家之一。[2]2020年，她被授予诺贝尔物理学奖，与赖因哈德·根策尔各自享有四分之一的奖金，“因为在银河系中心发现了一个超大質量緻密天體。”[3]另一半奖金被授予罗杰·彭罗斯。盖兹是继2018年唐娜·斯特里克兰后第四位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。

生平

早年生活和教育

盖兹生于纽约[4][5]。父亲吉尔伯特·盖兹是犹太人，出生于意大利罗马，一个来自突尼斯和德国法兰克福的家庭[6][7]。母亲苏珊（加顿）来自马萨诸塞州北阿特尔伯勒的爱尔兰天主教家庭[8]。

盖兹小时候全家从纽约搬到了芝加哥[4]，就读于芝加哥大学实验学校（英语：University of Chicago Laboratory Schools）[9]。受阿波罗计划的登月计划启发，盖兹立志成为第一位女宇航员，这一目标得到了母亲的鼓励[10]。她大学时先学习数学，然后转向物理学专业[11]。

她于1987年获得麻省理工学院的物理学学士学位。1992年在加州理工学院获得博士学位，导师为格里·诺伊格鲍尔[12][13]。

学术贡献

盖兹的研究采用了高空间分辨率成像技术，例如凯克望远镜上的自适应光学系统[14]，研究了恒星形成区域和银河系中心被称为人馬座A*的超大质量黑洞[15]。

轶事

对盖兹影响力最大的女性榜样是她的高中化学老师[16]。

盖兹出现在由BBC，探索频道和历史频道等网络制作的许多电视纪录片中。 2006年，她参加了PBS系列Nova的一集[17]。 她被“我的英雄计划（英语：The My Hero Project）”确定为科学英雄。 2000年，《发现》杂志将盖兹列为各自领域中20位有前途的年轻美国科学家之一。

盖兹是游泳俱乐部Masters Swim Club的活跃游泳者[18]。

家庭

丈夫Tom LaTourrette是兰德公司的地质学家兼研究科学家。他们有两个儿子[19]。

奖项和荣誉

奖项

荣誉

2004年，当选为美国国家科学院院士[27]

2019年，当选为美国物理学会（APS）会士[28]。

参考资料

  1. ^ High-res images of galactic center. W. M. Keck Observatory. [2009-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2010-09-29）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 20 Young Scientists to Watch. Discover Magazine. [2008-03-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-17）. 
  3. ^ Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020. Nobel Foundation. [2020-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-06）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Yasuda, Anita. Astronomy: Cool Women in Space. Nomad Press. 2015 [2020-11-24]. ISBN 978-1619303270. （原始内容存档于2021-02-16） –通过Google Books. 
  5. ^ Who's who in the West. Marquis-Who's Who. 2004 [2020-11-24]. ISBN 978-0837909356. （原始内容存档于2021-02-16） –通过Google Books. 
  6. ^ Gilbert Ghez (1938–2015) – Obituary. Legacy. [2020-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-04）. 
  7. ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2020-11-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-16）. 
  8. ^ Oral history interview with Susanne Ghez. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian. 2011-01-25 [2020-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-04）. 
  9. ^ Alumni Award Winners Announced. University of Chicago. 2013-05-16 [2020-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-03）. 
  10. ^ Jennifer Lauren Lee. Science Hero:Andrea Mia Ghez. The My Hero Project. [2009-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-05）. 
  11. ^ Linda Copman. Zeroing in on Black Holes. W. M. Keck Observatory. [2009-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-26）. 
  12. ^ Changing Faces of Astronomy. Science. [2008-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2008-03-16）. 
  13. ^ Ghez, Andrea. The Multiplicity of T Tauri Stars in the Star Forming Regions Taurus-Auriga and Ophiuchus-Scorpius: A 2.2μm Speckle Imaging Survey (Ph.D.论文). California Institute of Technology. 1993 [2020-11-24]. OCLC 437065967. ProQuest 304056481. （原始内容存档于2023-09-23）. 
  14. ^ Supermassive Black Holes. BBC. [2008-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-26）. 
  15. ^ Milky Way Monster Stars in Cosmic Reality Show. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. [March 20, 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008-03-17）. 
  16. ^ Susan Lewis. Galactic Explorer Andrea Ghez. NOVA. 2006-10-31 [2020-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-04）. 
  17. ^ Andrea M. Ghez cv (PDF). UCLA. [2008-03-20]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-07）. 
  18. ^ Poster Project, Biographies. www.math.sunysb.edu. [2020-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-27）. 
  19. ^ Stuart Wolpert. UCLA astronomer Andrea Ghez named MacArthur Fellow. UCLA. 2008-09-23 [2011-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-24）. 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 Annie J. Cannon Award in Astronomy. American Astronomical Society. [2008-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2008-02-28）. 
  21. ^ Packard Fellows – Sorted by Award Year: 1996. University of Virginia. [2008-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2007-11-03）. 
  22. ^ Maria Goeppert Mayer Award. www.aps.org. [2018-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-05）. 
  23. ^ Honors and Awards received by IGPP/UCLA Faculty and Research Staff. UCLA. [2008-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2008-02-04）. 
  24. ^ Astronomer Andrea Ghez awarded Gold Shield prize. University of California, Santa Cruz. [2008-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-09）. 
  25. ^ UCLA astronomer Andrea Ghez named a 2008 MacArthur Fellow. UCLA. [2008-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-24）. 
  26. ^ The Crafoord Prize in Mathematics 2012 and The Crafoord Prize in Astronomy 2012. Crafoord Prize. [2012-01-19]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-27）. 
  27. ^ Andrea Ghez Elected to National Academy of Sciences. NASA. [2004-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2004-11-01）. 
  28. ^ APS Fellow Archive. [2019-09-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-13）. 

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