Timurlengia

Timurlengia
Intervalo temporal: Cretáceo Superior
92–90 Ma
↓
Classificação científica e
Domínio: Eukaryota
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Chordata
Clado: Dinosauria
Clado: Saurischia
Clado: Theropoda
Clado: †Pantyrannosauria
Gênero: †Timurlengia
Brusatte et al., 2016
Espécie-tipo
†Timurlengia euotica
Brusatte et al., 2016

Timurlengia é um gênero extinto de dinossauro terópode tiranossauróide encontrado no Uzbequistão, na Formação Bissekty no deserto de Kyzylkum, pertecente ao estágio Turoniano do início do Cretáceo Superior. A espécie-tipo é denominada Timurlengia euotica.

Descoberta

Em meados de 1944, material fóssil, consistindo de ossos únicos de dinossauros pertencendo ao clado Tyrannosauroidea foram descritos na Formação Bissekty por pesquisadores soviéticos.[1] Em 2004, uma equipe descobriu uma caixa craniana, que teria ancorado os músculos do pescoço do dinossauro e protegido seu cérebro e canais auditivos. A caixa craniana foi armazenada em uma caixa de papelão no Instituto Zoológico da Academia Russa de Ciências, até que o especialista em tiranossauros Steve Brusatte a identificou como uma nova espécie distinta em 2014.[2]

Em 2016, Stephen Louis Brusatte, Alexander Averianov, Hans-Dieter Sues, Amy Muir e Ian B. Butler nomearam e descreveram a espécie-tipo Timurlengia euotica. O gênero é nomeado após Timurleng, fundador do Império Timúrida na Ásia Central. O nome específico euotica é grego para “ouvidos”,[1] porque tomografias detalhadas mostraram que Timurlengia tinha canais auditivos internos longos, para ouvir sons de baixa frequência.[2]

A espécie foi baseada no holótipo, espécime ZIN PH 1146/16, constituído pela caixa craniana. Outros ossos, não pertencentes a um único indivíduo, e descritos em 2012, foram referidos à espécie.[3]

Classificação

Timurlengia foi colocada na superfamília Tyrannosauroidea, em posição basal, como uma possível espécie irmã de Xiongguanlong. Juntos, eles podem representar um clado de formas de focinho longo que pode ter sido o grupo irmão dos Tyrannosauridae.[1]

Abaixo está a análise filogenética sobre a colocação de Timurlengia por D.G Wolfe em sua equipe em 2019.[4]

 
†Tyrannosauroidea
 

†Proceratosauridae

 
 
 
 

†Stokesosaurus

 
 

†Juratyrant

 
 

†Eotyrannus

 
 
 
 

†Suskityrannus

 
 
 

†Timurlengia

 
 
 

†Xiongguanlong

 
 
 

†Dryptosaurus

 
 
 

†Appalachiosaurus

 
 
 

†Bistahieversor

 
 

†Tyrannosauridae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c Stephen L. Brusatte, Alexander Averianov, Hans-Dieter Sues, Amy Muir and Ian B. Butler (2016). «New tyrannosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan clarifies evolution of giant body sizes and advanced senses in tyrant dinosaurs». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (13): 3447–3452. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.3447B. PMC 4822578Acessível livremente. PMID 26976562. doi:10.1073/pnas.1600140113Acessível livremente 
  2. ↑ a b 2016, Michael Greshko PUBLISHED Mon Mar 14 15:00:00 EDT. «'Missing Link' in Tyrannosaur Family Tree Discovered». National Geographic News. Consultado em 15 de março de 2016 
  3. ↑ Averianov, A.; Sues, H-D. (2012). «Skeletal remains of Tyrannosauroidea (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bissekty Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Turonian) of Uzbekistan». Cretaceous Research. 34: 284–297. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.11.009 
  4. ↑ Wolfe, D.G.; McDonald, A.T.; Kirkland, J.I.; Turner, A.H.; Smith, N.D.; Brusatte, S.L.; Loewen, M.A.; Denton, R.K.; Nesbitt, S.J. (6 de maio de 2019). «A mid-Cretaceous tyrannosauroid and the origin of North American end-Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages» (PDF). Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (6): 892–899. PMID 31061476. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0888-0. hdl:20.500.11820/a6709b34-e3ab-416e-a866-03ba1162b23dAcessível livremente 
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