Deinocheirus

Deinocheirus
Intervalo temporal: Cretáceo Superior
71–69 Ma
Classificação científica edit
Domínio: Eukaryota
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Chordata
Clado: Dinosauria
Clado: Saurischia
Clado: Theropoda
Clado: Ornithomimosauria
Família: Deinocheiridae
Gênero: Deinocheirus
Osmólska & Roniewicz, 1970
Espécies:
D. mirificus
Nome binomial
Deinocheirus mirificus
Osmólska & Roniewicz, 1970

Deinocheirus é um gênero de dinossauro da família Deinocheiridae do Cretáceo Superior da Mongólia. Sua espécie-tipo é Deinocheirus mirificus.

Nomenclatura e taxonomia

A espécie foi descrita em 1970 por Halszka Osmólska e Ewa Roniewicz como Deinocheirus mirificus. O nome genérico é derivado do grego deinos (δεινός), que significa "horrível", e cheir (χείρ), que significa "mão". O epíteto específico, mirificus, vem do latim, significando "peculiar" ou "não usual", e foi escolhido pela peculiar estrutura dos membros torácicos.[1] O material fóssil utilizado para descrver a espécie, que constitui de um par de membros torácicos e algumas costelas e vértebras, foi encontrado em 9 de julho de 1965 pela paleontóloga polonesa Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska durante a terceira expedição polonesa-mongol ao deserto de Gobi. Em 1966, Kielan-Jaworowksa publicou o achado do fóssil, assinalando-o como um possível membro da família Megalosauridae.[2] Em 1970, com a descrição do táxon, Osmólska e Roniewicz, criaram uma família própria, a Deinocheiridae, assinalando-a na superfamília Megalosauroidea do clado Carnosauria.[1]

Na década de 1980, o gênero Deinocheirus foi transferido para a família Ornithomimidae,[3] ou então mantido na família Deinocheiridae, com posição incerta dentro do clado Theropoda.[4] Em 2004, o gênero foi classificado no clado Ornithomimosauria,[5] e análises posteriores mantiveram o Deinocheirus mirificus como um táxon basal nesse clado.[6] Com a descoberta de novos espécimes, uma análise filogenética publicada em 2014 demonstrou a relação entre os gêneros Deinocheirus, Garudimimus e Beishanlong, agrupando-os na família Deinocheiridae, dentro do clado Ornithomimosauria.[7]

Reconstrução artística hipotética

O cladograma abaixo segue as análises de Yuong-Nam Lee, Rinchen Barsbold, Philip J. Currie, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Hang-Jae Lee, Pascal Godefroit, François Escuillié e Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig (2014):[7]

Ornithomimosauria

Nqwebasaurus

unnamed

Pelecanimimus

unnamed

Shenzhousaurus

unnamed

Harpymimus

unnamed
Deinocheiridae

Beishanlong

unnamed

Garudimimus

Deinocheirus

Ornithomimidae

Anserimimus

unnamed

Gallimimus

unnamed

Ornithomimus

Struthiomimus

Distribuição geográfica e geológica

Os espécimes foram encontrados na formação Nemegt, datada do Campaniano Superior ou Maastrichtiano Inferior, na Mongólia. Três localidades são conhecidas: Ulan Uul III (holótipo) e Altan Uul IV (MPC-D 100/128) na província de Ömnögovi, e Bugiin Tsav (MPC-D 100/127) na província de Bayankhongor.[7]

Descrição

Seus braços e mãos de três dedos têm quase 2,40 metros de comprimento. A característica mais impressionante é o tamanho do espécime. O osso de seu braço (úmero) tem cerca de 1 metro de comprimento. O Deinocheirus tinha 6,4 toneladas.

Comparação de tamanho de espécimes de Deinocheirus

Paleobiologia

O Deinocheirus provavelmente se alimentava de plantas e pequenos animais, e já foram encontradas escamas de peixe no estômago de um indivíduo; ou seja, o Deinoqueiro muito possivelmente era um onívoro. Mas ele podia ter competido árvores com outros grandes herbívoros, como o Therizinosaurus, Saurolophus e saurópodes titanossauros. Mas sua dieta teria o permitido acesso a recursos que outros grandes herbívoros não conseguiam. Seu principal predador era o Tarbossauro.[8]

Referências

  1. a b Osmólska, H.; Roniewicz, E. (1970). «Deinocheiridae, a new family of theropod dinosaurs». Palaeontologia Polonica. 21: 5–19 
  2. Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. (1966). «Third (1965) Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition to the Gobi Desert and western Mongolia». Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, C1. II 14 (4): 249–252 
  3. Galton, P.M. (1982). «Elaphrosaurus, an ornithomimid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa». Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 56 (3/4): 265-275 
  4. Barsbold, R. (1983). «Khishchnye dinosavry mela Mongoliy». Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition. 19: 1-117 
  5. Makovicky, P.J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Currie, P.J. (2004). Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H., ed. The Dinosauria. [S.l.]: University of California Press. pp. 137–150. ISBN 978-0520242098 
  6. Kobayashi, Y.; Barsbold, R. (2006). «Ornithomimids from the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia». Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 22 (1): 195–207 
  7. a b c Lee, Y.-M.; Barsbold, R.; Currie, P.J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Lee, H.J.; Godefroit, P.; Escuillié, F.; Chinzorig, T. (2014). «Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus». Nature. doi:10.1038/nature13874 
  8. Mystery of the horrible hands solved https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13930

Ligações externas

Wikispecies
Wikispecies
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