Procompsognathus

Procompsognathus
Intervalo temporal: Triássico Superior
~210 Ma
Espécime de holótipo (SMNS 12591)
Classificação científica edit
Domínio: Eukaryota
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Chordata
Clado: Dinosauria
Clado: Saurischia
Clado: Theropoda
Família: Coelophysidae
Nopcsa, 1923
Gênero: Procompsognathus
Fraas, 1913
Espécies:
P. triassicus
Nome binomial
Procompsognathus triassicus
Fraas, 1913

Procompsognathus é um gênero de dinossauro carnívoro e bípede que viveu durante o período Triássico. Media cerca de 1,2 metros de comprimento, 1 metro de altura e cerca de 15 quilogramas. Acreditam que os mesmos eram carniceiros como os chacais.

O Procompsognathus viveu na Europa e era extremamente parecido com o Compsognathus, apresentando como principal diferença o seu tamanho superior. A partir da observação dessa característica Eberhard Fraas resolveu, em 1913, nomeá-lo oficialmente como Procompsognathus.

Classificação

Holótipo SMNS 12591

Embora seja, sem dúvida, um pequeno carnívoro bípede, a preservação extremamente pobre do único fóssil conhecido deste gênero torna difícil determinar sua identidade exata. Fraas originalmente atribuiu a Dinosauria. Em 1923, Franz Nopcsa cunhou Procompsognathinae e, em 1929, von Huene criou Procompsognathidae, embora esses conceitos sejam hoje raramente usados. Em 1932, von Huene viu-o como um membro de Pseudosuchia não-dinossauriana.[1] Desde então, tem sido considerado um dinossauro terópode, com algumas exceções. Em 1992, Paul Sereno e Rupert Wild afirmaram que o espécime holotípico consistia em fósseis de dois animais separados: o esqueleto pós-craniano seria um terópode, provavelmente da família Coelophysoidea relacionado a Segisaurus, mas o crânio e os espécimes de von Huene se referiam ao crocodilomorfo basal Saltoposuchus connectens.[2] No entanto, em 1993, Sankar Chatterjee, depois de mais uma preparação, refutou sua avaliação e considerou o crânio como um terópode semelhante ao Syntarsus, e demonstrou que não poderia ter sido um crocodilomorfo já que não possui as características marcantes deste grupo.[3][4] Sereno (1997) e Ezcurra e Novas (2007) realizaram análises filogenéticas que apoiaram a colocação do gênero no táxon Coelophysidae.[5][6] Este gênero pode ser mais estreitamente relacionado com Segisaurus.[7]

Holótipo SMNS 12352 e SMNS 12352a

Em 2000, Oliver Rauhut e Axel Hungerbuhler notaram características das vértebras que sugerem que o gênero pode pertencer a Coelophysidae ou Ceratosauria,[8] e Carrano et al. (2005), em seu reestudo do gênero relacionado Segisaurus, encontraram tanto Segisaurus quanto Procompsognathus como pertencentes a Coelophysidae dentro de Dinosauria.[9] Em 2004, David Allen considerou o gênero um ornitodiran primitivo e não dinossauro.[10]

Paleoecologia

Procompsognathus viveu em um ambiente relativamente seco e pode ter se alimentado de insetos, lagartos e outras presas pequenas.[11] Contemporâneos do gênero incluíram membros de Coelophysoideam como Halticosaurus e Dolichosuchus, além dos sauropodomorfos Plateosaurus gracilis e Efraasia minor. Weishampel et al. (2004) observaram que os rastros de terópodes e os fósseis de um gênero desconhecido de Herrerasauridae são conhecidos da formação inferior de Stubensandstein.[12]

Representação artística de um procompsognato.

O gênero aparece no romance Jurassic Park (romance) e sua sequência The Lost World, de Michael Crichton. A espécie é às vezes referida pelos personagens como "compys". O autor, por sua vez, introduz uma mordida venenosa ao gênero, o que não há evidências científicas que apoiam essa informação.[13]

Referências

  1. von Huene, F. (1932). «Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte». Monographien für Geologie und Paläontologie, 4. 361 páginas 
  2. Sereno, Paul C.; Wild, Rupert (15 de dezembro de 1992). «Procompsognathus: theropod, "thecodont" or both?». Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 12 (4): 435–458. doi:10.1080/02724634.1992.10011473 
  3. Chatterjee, S. (1993). «Procompsognathus from the Triassic of Germany is not a crocodylomorph». Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. pp. 13(3): 29A 
  4. Chatterjee, S. (1998). «Reassessment of the Procompsognathus skull",». Dinofest International. The Academy of Natural Sciences. p. 6 
  5. Sereno, P.C. (1997). «The origin and evolution of dinosaurs». Earth and Planetary Sciences. pp. 25:435–489 
  6. Ezcurra, M.D; Novas; F. E (2007). «Phylogenetic relationships of the Triassic theropod Zupaysaurus rougieri from NW Argentina.». Historical Biology. pp. 19(1):35–72 
  7. Carrano, M.T.; Hutchinson, J.R.; Sampson, S.D. (2005). «New information on Segisaurus halli, a small theropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Arizona». Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. pp. 25(4): 835–849 
  8. Rauhut, O.; Hungerbuhler, A (2000). «A review of European Triassic theropods». Gaia. pp. 15, 75–88 
  9. Carrano, M.T; Hutchinson, J.R; Sampson, S.D. (2005). «New information on Segisaurus halli, a small theropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Arizona». Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. pp. 25(4):835–849 
  10. Allen, D (2004). «The phylogenetic status of Procompsognathus». Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. pp. 24(3): 34A 
  11. Freedman, Frances; Gibbons, Tony (1 de janeiro de 1997). Looking at-- Procompsognathus: a dinosaur from the Triassic period, Gareth Stevens. [S.l.: s.n.] 24 páginas 
  12. Baden-Wurrtemberg; et al. (2004). «1. Lower Stubensandstein». p. 524 .
  13. Bennington, J Bret (1996). «Errors in the Movie "Jurassic Park"». American Paleontologist. 4 (2): 4–7 

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