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Tártaros

 Nota: Para outros significados de Tártaro, veja Tártaro.
Tártaros
Tatarlar
Татарлар
Tártaros de Kazan no século XIX
População total

c. 7 milhões[1]

Regiões com população significativa
 Rússia 5 319 877 (não inclui Crimeia) [2]
 Ucrânia 319 377 (inclui Crimeia) [3]
 Uzbequistão 239 965 [4]
Cazaquistão 108 987 [5]
 Turquia 159 000 a 6,9 milhões [6][7][8]
 Afeganistão est. 100 000 [9]
Turquemenistão 36 655 [10]
 Quirguistão 28 334 [11]
 Azerbaijão 25 900 [12]
Roménia c. 20 000 [13]
 Estados Unidos 10 000 [14]
 Bielorrússia 3 000 [15]
 França 700 [16]
Suíça 1 045+ [17]
 China 3 556 [18]
 Canadá 56 000 [19]
 Polónia 1 916 [20]
 Bulgária 5 003 [21]
 Finlândia 600 a 700 [22]
 Japão 600 a 2 000 [23]
 Austrália 900+ [24]
 Chéquia 300+ [25]
 Estónia 2 000 [26]
 Letônia 2 800 [27]
 Lituânia 2 800 a 3 200 [28][29][30]
Irã Irão 20 000 a 30 000 [31]
Línguas
Tártaro, russo
Religiões
Islão hanafi
  
90%
Irreligião
  
7%
Cristianismo[a]
  
3%
Porcentagens na Rússia[32]
Etnia
Túrquicos
Grupos étnicos relacionados
Tártaros do Volga, Tártaros da Crimeia, Tártaros da Sibéria, Tártaros de Lipka, Tártaros da China

Os tártaros (em tártaro: Tatarlar, no alfabeto cirílico: Татарлар) são um grupo étnico turcomano[33] estimado em 10 milhões de pessoas no fim do século XX.

A Rússia é o lar da maior parte dos tártaros, com uma população de cerca de 5,5 milhões de pessoas; Turquia, Uzbequistão, Cazaquistão, Ucrânia, Tadjiquistão, Quirguistão, Turcomenistão e Azerbaijão também têm populações de tártaros superiores a 30 mil pessoas.[34]

Os tártaros habitavam originalmente o nordeste do deserto de Gobi, no século V, e, após dominarem, durante o século IX, os citanos, migraram para o sul. No século XIII foram conquistados pelo Império Mongol, liderado por Gengis Khan. Durante o reinado do neto de Gengis Khan, Batu Khan, deslocaram-se para o oeste, em direção às planícies da Rússia, levando consigo muitos dos ramos que deram origem aos turcomanos uralo-altaicos.

Mulher tártara do Séc XVIII

Na Europa, foram assimilados por populações locais e seu nome gradualmente foi adotado pelos povos conquistados: quipchaques, kimaques e outros; o mesmo ocorreu com povos que falavam idiomas fino-úgricos e que foram dominados, bem como os últimos habitantes das antigas colônias gregas na Crimeia e povos caucasianos que habitavam o Cáucaso.

Os tártaros siberianos são sobreviventes da população turcomana que habitava a região Uralo-Altaica, misturados até certo ponto com os falantes das línguas urálicas e mongólicas. Mais tarde, cada um destes grupos adotou línguas turcomanas e muitos adotaram o Islã. Os três descendentes étnicos da migração para o oeste realizada originalmente do século XIII são os tártaros do Volga, os tártaros de Lipka e os tártaros da Crimeia.

Os tártaros abrangem um grande espectro de aparências físicas, que vai do mongoloide ao caucasoide ou uma mistura de ambos, e muitos aparentam ter origem asiática.[carece de fontes?]

Os tártaros são uma das 56 etnias oficialmente reconhecidas pela República Popular da China.

Ver também

Notas e referências

Notas

  1. principalmente Igreja Ortodoxa Russa

Referências

  1. «Putin's Power Play? Tatarstan Activists Say Loss Of 'President' Title Would Be An Existential Blow». Radio Free Europe. 19 de outubro de 2021 
  2. «ВПН-2010». www.gks.ru 
  3. «About number and composition population of Ukraine by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001». Ukraine Census 2001. State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. Consultado em 27 de setembro de 2012 
  4. Крымские татары Big Russian Encyclopedia (em russo)
  5. «Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2021 года» [The population of the Republic of Kazakhstan by individual ethnic groups at the beginning of 2021]. stat.gov.kz. Consultado em 20 de junho de 2021 
  6. Henryk Jankowski. Crimean Tatars and Noghais in Turkey // a slightly edited version of the paper with the same title that appeared in Türk Dilleri Arastirmalari [Studies on the Turkic Languages] 10 (2000): 113–131, distributed by Sanat Kitabevi, Ankara, Turkey. A Polish version of this paper was published in Rocznik Tatarów Polskich (Journal of Polish Tatars), vol. 6, 2000, 118–126.
  7. Мусафирова, О. «Мустафа, сынок, прошу тебя — прекрати...» // Новая газета. || Archive copy
  8. Пашаев, Осман (18 de novembro de 2002). «В Турции проживают до 6 миллионов потомков крымских татар». podrobnosti 
  9. «Afghanistan Recognizes Long Forgotten Ethnic Tatar Community». RFE/RL (em inglês). Consultado em 28 de abril de 2021. Community leaders estimate there are up to 100,000 ethnic Tatars in Afghanistan. 
  10. Asgabat.net-городской социально-информационный портал :Итоги всеобщей переписи населения Туркменистана по национальному составу в 1995 году. Arquivado em 13 março 2013 no Wayback Machine
  11. «National composition of the population» (PDF). Arquivado do original (PDF) em 13 de novembro de 2013 
  12. «Archived copy». Consultado em 31 de janeiro de 2021. Arquivado do original em 30 de novembro de 2012 
  13. «Recensamant Romania 2002». Agentia Nationala pentru Intreprinderi Mici si Mijlocii (em romeno). 2002. Consultado em 5 de agosto de 2007. Arquivado do original em 13 de maio de 2007 
  14. «Tatar in United States». Joshua Project. 23 de março de 2021 
  15. «Tatars In Belarus». Radio Free Europe (em inglês). 12 de agosto de 2010 
  16. Рушан, Лукманов (16 de maio de 2018). «Vasil Shaykhraziev met with the Tatars of France | Всемирный конгресс татар» (em inglês) 
  17. «Rustam Minnikhanov meets representatives of the Tatar Diaspora in Switzerland». President of Republic of Tatarstan 
  18. «Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China» 
  19. «Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]». 8 de fevereiro de 2017 
  20. «Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna – NSP 2011» (PDF) (em polaco) 
  21. «National Statistical Institute». www.nsi.bg 
  22. «Suomen tataareja johtaa pankkiuran tehnyt ekonomisti Gölten Bedretdin, jonka mielestä uskonnon pitää olla hyvän puolella» 
  23. «Статьи на исторические темы». www.hrono.ru 
  24. «Archived copy». Consultado em 27 de abril de 2018. Arquivado do original em 16 de agosto de 2018 
  25. «Президент РТ». Cópia arquivada em 5 de março de 2016 
  26. «RL0428: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO JA ELUKOHA JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2011». stat.ee. Consultado em 16 de novembro de 2021 
  27. «Tatar | Joshua Project». www.joshuaproject.net 
  28. «Адас Якубаускас: Я всегда говорю крымским татарам не выезжайте, оккупация не вечна». espreso.tv 
  29. Как крымские татары оказались в Литве 600 лет назад? | Новости и аналитика : Украина и мир : EtCetera
  30. Национальный состав населения Литвы. Перепись 2011.
  31. Paul Goble (20 de junho de 2016). «Volga Tatars in Iran Being Turkmenified». Consultado em 27 de fevereiro de 2022 
  32. Project, Joshua. «Tatar in Russia». joshuaproject.net (em inglês). Consultado em 26 de janeiro de 2023 
  33. «Turkic people definition of Turkic people in the Free Online Encyclopedia». Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Consultado em 7 de março de 2011 
  34. Joshua Project. «Tatar Ethnic People in all Countries». Joshua Project. Consultado em 7 de março de 2011 

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