Huastecas

 Nota: Para outros significados, veja Huastecas (desambiguação).
Huasteca
Téenek
Músicos huastecas (2018)
População total

174 125 (2019)

Regiões com população significativa
 México 174 125 [1]
       San Luis Potosí 105 112 [1]
       Veracruz 68 806 [1]
       Tamaulipas 170 [1]
Línguas
Huasteco e espanhol
Religiões
Catolicismo romano
Etnia
Maias
Grupos étnicos relacionados
Nahuas
Estátua huasteca da região de Tampico, séculos XIV-XVI

Os huastecas, huaxtecas ou huastecos, são um povo nativo[2] do México, historicamente baseados nos estados mexicanos de Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz e Tamaulipas, concentrando-se ao longo do Rio Pánuco e da costa do Golfo do México. Os huastecas autodenominam-se Teenek. Falam huasteco, uma língua da família maia.

A antiga cultura huasteca é uma das culturas pré-hispânicas da Mesoamérica. A partir das provas arqueológicas conhecidas, pensa-se que as suas origens remontem a 1000 a.C., apesar de o seu período civilizacional mais produtivo ser geralmente considerado como tendo ocorrido durante o período pós-clássico mesoamericano, entre o declínio de Teotihuacan e o aparecimento do império asteca. Os huastecas pré-colombianos construíram templos em pirâmides, esculpiram estátuas e produziram cerâmica ricamente decorada.

A cultura huasteca foge à regra na medida em que foi uma das poucas culturas que atingiu o grau de civilização e construiu cidades, mas que, ainda assim, geralmente não usava roupas. Eram admirados pelos outros povos mesoamericanos pelas suas capacidades musicais.

Cerca de 1450, os huastecas foram derrotados pelos astecas, sob a liderança de Moctezuma I; a partir de então, os huastecas pagaram tributos aos astecas, mas mantiveram em grande medida a sua auto-governação ao nível local.

Foram dominados pelos conquistadores espanhois entre 1519 e 1530. Com a imposição da fé católica, tiveram que passar a usar vestuário.

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d «Huastecos». Secretaría de Cultura/Sistema de Información Cultural (em espanhol). Consultado em 28 de fevereiro de 2023 
  2. ↑ La Huasteca: historia y cultura, por Guy Stresser-Péan. Disponível em http://www.arqueomex.com/S2N3nHuasteca79.html Arquivado março 9, 2012 no WebCite . Acesso em 12 de abril de 2015. (em castelhano)

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