Caxemires

Caxemir
کٲشِرؠ
Mulher caxemire com seu filho
População total

cerca de 7,5 milhões

Regiões com população significativa
 Índia
(no território de Jamu e Caxemira)		 6 797 587 (2011) [1]
Paquistão
(fora da Caxemira Livre)		 353 064 (2017) [2]
Paquistão
(na Caxemira Livre)		 132 450 (1998) [3]
Línguas
caxemiriano
Religiões

Maioria:

Islão

Minorias:

Hinduísmo
Siquismo
Etnia
indo-arianos

O povo caxemire é um povo do norte do subcontinente indiano etnicamente proveniente da miscigenação de povos indo-europeus com os povos locais. É um grupo de línguas dárdicas que vive na região histórica de Caxemira ou dela é proveniente. A posse dessa região é atualmente disputada entre a Índia e Paquistão. Grosso modo, a parte sul da Caxemira histórica é detida de facto pela Índia (território de Jamu e Caxemira) e a parte noroeste e oeste pelo Paquistão (respetivamente Guilguite-Baltistão e Caxemira Livre). Numa perspetiva mais largada, a Caxemira histórica incluía também áreas habitadas por não caxemires: o Ladaque, atualmente administrado pela Índia, situado a leste do atual território indiano de Jamu e Caxemira: Por sua vez, o Ladaque integrava o vale de Shaksgam (a norte) e o Aksai Chin (a nordeste e leste), dois territórios administrados de facto pela China, mas disputados pela Índia. O conjunto de todos esses territórios tinha pouco mais de 7 milhões de habitantes em 2011.[4][5] A maioria dos caxemires são muçulmanos, embora haja um grande número de caxemires hindus, sendo que muitos deles são muçulmanos descendentes de hindus.

Língua

Ver artigo principal: Língua caxemira

De acordo com uma pesquisa sobre linguagem realizada pelo Instituto Internacional da UCLA, o idioma caxemire é uma língua dárdica do noroeste do ramo indo-ariano da subfamília indo-iraniana da família linguística indo-europeia. Não há, no entanto, nenhuma base genética universalmente aceita para o idioma. A UCLA estima que o número de falantes como sendo cerca de 4,4 milhões, com preponderância no vale da Caxemira,[6] enquanto o censo da Índia de 2001 registra 5 362 349 em toda a Índia, excluindo, portanto, falantes em áreas não indianas da Caxemira.[7]

Referências

  1. ↑ «Abstract Of Speakers' Strength of Languages And Mother Tongues – 2011» (PDF). Census India (.gov). 2011. Consultado em 17 de março de 2020. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 15 de agosto de 2020 
  2. ↑ Kiani, Khaleeq (28 de maio de 2018). «CCI defers approval of census results until elections». DAWN.COM (em inglês). Consultado em 17 de março de 2020. Cópia arquivada em 15 de setembro de 2020 
  3. ↑ Shakil, Mohsin (2012), Languages of Erstwhile State of Jammu Kashmir (A Preliminary Study) 
  4. ↑ http://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf
  5. ↑ url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1410447/cci-defers-approval-of-census-results-until-elections
  6. ↑ «UCLA Languages Project: Kashmiri». UCLA International Institute. Consultado em 24 de março de 2012 
  7. ↑ «Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2001». New Delhi: Office of The Registrar General & Census Commissioner. 2001. Consultado em 25 de março de 2012 

Bibliografia

  • Kashmir Return of Democracy By Yodhishter Kahul, Yudhistar ed Kahol
  • The Crisis in Kashmir: Portents of War, Hopes of Peace By Šumit Ganguly
O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Caxemires
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