頭蓋骨の長さは59.6cmで、他のどの大型肉食恐竜よりも相対的に短く、深かった[M][C]。鼻口部先は適度に広く、ケラトサウルスのようなより原始的な獣脚類のように先細りではなく、顎は上向きに湾曲していた[25]。眼の上には一対の角が斜めに突き出ており、これらの角は前頭骨によって形成され[N]、太く円錐形状で、中空ではなく、断面はやや垂直に平らになっており、長さは15cmであった[6][1]。ボナパルテは1990年、これらの角はより長いケラチン質の角鞘の骨芯を形成していたと示唆した[O]。Mauricio Cerroni et al. (2020)は、頭蓋骨の角がケラチン質の鞘を支えていたことを認めつつ、その角鞘は骨芯よりもそれほど長くはなかったとした[1]。
上顎には両側それぞれに前上顎骨歯が4本、上顎骨歯が12本あり[Q]、下顎の下顎骨には片側に15本の歯が備わっていた[R][1]。その歯は他のアベリサウルス科に見られる非常に短い歯とは対照的に[25]、長く細いものだった[9]。しかし、Cerroni et al. (2020)は頭蓋骨について記載した際、発掘中にすべての歯はひどく損傷しており、後に石膏で復元されたものであったと述べた(ボナパルテは1990年に下顎歯には断片化しているものがあると述べるに留まっている)[1][R]。したがって、歯の形状に関する信頼できる情報源は、まだ顎の内部にある置換歯や歯根に限られ、CT画像を使用し調査することができる[1]。置換歯は、低く平らな歯冠を持ち、間隔が狭く、前方に約45度傾斜していた[1]。1990年の記載で、ボナパルテは下顎が浅く弱い構造であり、歯骨が最後部の顎骨と2つの不動結合でしか繋がっていないことを指摘し、またこれは、頑丈そうな頭蓋骨とは対照的であったとした[9][R]。Cerroniらは、歯骨と最後部の顎の骨の間に、複数の緩い結合を発見した。この結合部分が非常に柔軟であることには変わりないが、必ずしも貧弱であったとは限らない[1]。歯骨の骨縁下は凸状であったが、マジュンガサウルスでは直線であった[1]。
他の研究では、敵対関係にあったカルノタウルスは頭を激しく突きつけ合うのではなく、頭蓋骨の上部でゆっくりと押し合っていたと示唆されている[45][46]。Mazzetta et al. (2009)は、角は脳に損傷を与えることなく圧縮力を分散させるための器官ではないかと主張した。これは、角の上側が平坦になっていること、頭蓋骨の上部の骨が強く癒合していること、そして頭蓋骨が急激な頭部打撃に耐えられないことから裏付けられる[45]。2018年にRafael Delcourtは、角は現代のウミイグアナに見られるように、ゆっくりと頭突きをしたり、突き飛ばしたりするか、あるいは現代のキリンに見られるように、相手の首や脇腹を打撃するのに使われた可能性があると示唆した[37]。後者の可能性は、関連するマジュンガサウルスについて2011年の学会論文で提案されたことがある[47]。
Gerardo Mazzetta et al. (1998)は、角は小さな獲物を傷つけたり殺したりするためにも使われたのではないかと主張している。角の芯は鈍いものの、ケラチン質の被膜があれば、現代のウシ科の角と似た形をしていた可能性がある。しかし、これは動物の角が狩猟用の武器として使用された唯一の報告例であろう[22]。
2005年にこの解釈はFrançois Therrienらによって疑問視され、彼らはカルノタウルスの咬合力がアメリカアリゲーター(現生の四肢動物の中で最も咬合力が強いとされる)の2倍であることを発見した。彼らまたは、現代のコモドオオトカゲとの類似点も指摘している。下顎の曲げ強さは先端に向かって直線的に減少しており、このことから、この顎は小さな獲物を高精度で捕らえるのに適しておらず、大きな獲物を弱らせ、切り傷を与えるのに適していた。その結果、この研究によれば、カルノタウルスは主に大型動物を捕食していたに違いなく、おそらく待ち伏せをし捕食していたと考えられた[49]。Cerroni et al. (2020)は、柔軟性は下顎に限られていたと主張した。一方、頭蓋の天井が厚くなっていることや、頭蓋のいくつかの関節が骨化していることから、頭蓋に運動機能はなかったか、あってもごくわずかだったことが示唆されている[1]。
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^O'Gorman, J.P.; Gasparini, Z. (2013). “Revision of Sulcusuchus erraini (Sauropterygia, Polycotylidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina”. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology37 (2): 163–176. Bibcode: 2013Alch...37..163O. doi:10.1080/03115518.2013.736788. hdl:11336/2489.
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Jefferson Jefferson ketika bermain untuk Gzira United tahun 2023Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Jefferson Mateus de Assis EstácioTanggal lahir 21 Oktober 1994 (umur 29)Tempat lahir Porto Alegre, BrasilTinggi 1,76 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain PenyerangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Bali UnitedNomor 94Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2015 União Agrícola Barbarense FC 0 (0)2015–2016 Coritiba FC 0 (0)2016 Clube Andraus Brasil (pinjaman) 0 (0)2017 EC Novo Hamburgo ...
American football player and coach (born 1966) American football player Randy ShannonFlorida State SeminolesPosition:Co-defensive coordinatorLinebackers coachPersonal informationBorn: (1966-02-24) February 24, 1966 (age 58)Miami, Florida, U.S.Height:6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)Weight:221 lb (100 kg)Career informationHigh school:Miami Norland (Miami Gardens, Florida)College:Miami (FL) (1984–1988)NFL draft:1989 / Round: 11 / Pick: 280Career history As a...
American politician Ozro John DoddsMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Ohio's 1st districtIn officeOctober 8, 1872 – March 3, 1873Preceded byAaron F. PerrySucceeded byMilton SaylerMember of the Ohio House of Representativesfrom the Hamilton County districtIn officeJanuary 3, 1870 – December 31, 1870Serving with nine othersPreceded bynine othersSucceeded byten others Personal detailsBorn(1840-03-22)March 22, 1840Cincinnati, Ohio...
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