ネオヴェナトル科

ネオヴェナトル科
生息年代: 130–94 Ma
ネオヴェナトルの復元骨格
地質時代
後期白亜紀
分類
ドメイン : 真核生物 Eukaryota
: 動物界 Animalia
: 脊索動物門 Chordata
亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata
: 爬虫綱 Reptilia
亜綱 : 双弓亜綱 Diapsida
下綱 : 主竜形下綱 Archosauromorpha
上目 : 恐竜上目 Dinosauria
: 竜盤目 Saurischia
亜目 : 獣脚亜目 Theropoda
階級なし : カルノサウルス類 Carnosauria
上科 : アロサウルス上科 Allosauroidea
: ネオヴェナトル科 Neovenatoridae
学名
Neovenatoridae
Benson, Carrano & Brusatte, 1996
下位分類群

ネオヴェナトル科(ネオヴェナトルか、学名Neovenatoridae)は、アロサウルス上科に属する獣脚類恐竜の系統群[1]。他のアロサウルス上科と比べ、ネオヴェナトル科は肩甲骨が短く幅広で、腸骨の空洞化が進んでいる[2]

分類

Benson, Carrano and Brusatte (2010) や Benson and Sampson (2012) による系統学的研究では、メガラプトル類はネオヴェナトル科の下位分類群とされ、ネオヴェナトル科は少なくとも1属に代表される形でアロサウルス上科の最後の生き残りとされた。その1属とはオルコラプトルであり、当該の属は約7000万年前にあたる後期白亜紀マーストリヒチアン期ごろに生息していた[2][3]。一方で、 Novas et al. (2012) はネオヴェナトル科をカルカロドントサウルス科を近縁な位置に置くと共に、メガラプトル類をティラノサウルス科と近縁なコエルロサウルス類に位置付けた[4]。しかしNovas et al. (2016) は、グアンロンデイノニクスを含む派生的コエルロサウルス類の前肢に見られる主要な形質をメガラプトル類が欠いており、代わりにアロサウルスのような基盤的テタヌラ類に見られる原始的形質を多く持つことを発見した。しかし、メガラプトル類がコエルロサウルス類のメンバーであることを支持する他の特徴は依然として多く存在する[5]

以下はCarrano et al. (2012)のデータセットに基づく、Apesteguía et al. (2016)の系統解析に基づくクラドグラム[6]

アロサウルス上科 

メトリアカントサウルス科

アロサウルス類

アロサウルス科

カルカロドントサウルス類

カルカロドントサウルス科

ネオヴェナトル科

デルタドロメウス

グアリコ

ネオヴェナトル

キランタイサウルス

メガラプトル類

出典

  1. ^ Dan Vergano (2013年11月25日). “T・レックス以前の“恐竜王”を発見”. 日経ナショナルジオグラフィック. 2022年3月7日閲覧。
  2. ^ a b Benson, R.B.J.; Carrano, M.T; Brusatte, S.L. (2010). “A new clade of archaic large-bodied predatory dinosaurs (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) that survived to the latest Mesozoic”. Naturwissenschaften 97 (1): 71–78. Bibcode2010NW.....97...71B. doi:10.1007/s00114-009-0614-x. PMID 19826771. 
  3. ^ Matthew T. Carrano, Roger B. J. Benson and Scott D. Sampson (2012). “The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10 (2): 211–300. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.630927. 
  4. ^ F. E. Novas; F. L. Agnolín; M. D. Ezcurra; J. I. Canale; J. D. Porfiri (2012). “Megaraptorans as members of an unexpected evolutionary radiation of tyrant-reptiles in Gondwana”. Ameghiniana 49 (Suppl): R33. http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/868/1618. 
  5. ^ Novas, F.E.; Rolando, A.M.A.; Agnolin, F.L. (2016). “Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy.”. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 49–61. doi:10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.05. hdl:11336/48895. オリジナルの2016-08-18時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20160818172356/https://museumvictoria.com.au/pages/381424/049-061_MMV74_Novas_4_WEB.pdf. 
  6. ^ Sebastián Apesteguía; Nathan D. Smith; Rubén Juárez Valieri; Peter J. Makovicky (2016). “An Unusual New Theropod with a Didactyl Manus from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina”. PLOS ONE 11 (7): e0157793. Bibcode2016PLoSO..1157793A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157793. PMC 4943716. PMID 27410683. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943716/. 

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