Genale

Genale
città
Janaale
Localizzazione
StatoSomalia (bandiera) Somalia
RegioneBasso Scebeli
Distretto
Territorio
Coordinate1°48′31.4″N 44°41′44.88″E
Altitudine64 m s.l.m.
Abitanti
Altre informazioni
Fuso orarioUTC+3
Cartografia
Mappa di localizzazione: Somalia
Genale
Genale
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

Genale è una località della Somalia sul basso corso del fiume Uebi Scebeli, praticamente nel punto in cui il fiume raggiunge la sua minore distanza dal mare.

Storia

Genale fu creata nel 1924 da un gruppo di coloni italiani originari dall'area di Torino[1].

«Nel 1924 fu avviata la colonizzazione dell'area di Genale, nella Somalia meridionale, costituendo un complesso di piccole e medie aziende agrarie. La maggior parte dei coloni era costituita da vecchi militanti fascisti di Torino che avevano seguito il nuovo governatore della Somalia, Cesare Maria De Vecchi. La prima associazione informale fra gli agricoltori sorse però solo nel 1928. La coltura principale delle aziende di Genale, circa un centinaio con una superficie variabile fra i 75 e i 600 ettari (con una media che oscillava sui 200) per un’area complessiva di circa 20 mila ettari, fu almeno fino al 1931 il cotone, successivamente sostituito dal banano, il cui raccolto era venduto allo Stato, il quale provvedeva alla commercializzazione in Italia in regime di monopolio. [2]»

Durante il periodo coloniale italiano fu il centro di una vasta zona di concessioni agricole di circa 20.000 ettari per la coltivazione del banano, del cotone e di altre sussidiarie. Le banane venivano commercializzate dalla Regia Azienda Monopolio Banane (abbreviata in RAMB) che aveva, appunto, il monopolio dell'esportazione verso l'Italia, concesso allo scopo di salvaguardare la produzione di banane della Somalia sul mercato italiano. Di conseguenza, fino agli anni cinquanta tutte le banane consumate in Italia provenivano dal comprensorio di Genale.

La coltivazione fu resa possibile da una grande diga di sbarramento del fiume Uebi Scebeli e da una vasta rete di canali costruiti tra il 1924 e il 1926. Data l'importanza del comprensorio esso venne eretto, dal punto di vista amministrativo, in Vicecommissariato di Genale con capoluogo Vittorio d'Africa (attualmente Scialambod), dove si accentravano anche le attività industriali per la trasformazione dei prodotti agricoli.

Il centro di Genale si trova a pochi chilometri nell'entroterra della città di Merca che costituisce il suo sbocco sul mare. Durante il periodo dell'A.F.I.S. (Amministrazione fiduciaria italiana della Somalia) negli anni 1950-60 il Consorzio dei concessionari italiani venne trasformato in una cooperativa di coltivatori somali ed italiani la cui opera è andata perduta durante il lungo periodo della guerra civile somala.

Note

  1. ^ Cliccare su immagine libro intitolato "Somalia": Genale (con foto) p. 115-130
  2. ^ Emigrazione italiana in Somalia

Bibliografia

  • Guida dell'Africa Orientale, Consociazione Turistica Italiana, 1938.
  • Calendario atlante De Agostini, Novara, 1954

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

  Portale Africa Orientale

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