Argyroneta aquatica

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Ragno palombaro
Argyroneta aquatica
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumProtostomia
PhylumArthropoda
SubphylumChelicerata
ClasseArachnida
OrdineAraneae
SottordineAraneomorphae
SuperfamigliaDictynoidea
FamigliaCybaeidae
GenereArgyroneta
SpecieA. aquatica
Nomenclatura binomiale
Argyroneta aquatica
Clerck, 1757
Sinonimi

Araneus aquaticus
Aranea aquatica
Aranea urinatoria
Aranea amphibia
Clubiona fallax

Il ragno palombaro (Argyroneta aquatica Clerck, 1757) è un ragno della famiglia Cybaeidae, che vive sott'acqua.

Descrizione

La colorazione del ragno nell'acqua è argentata, dato che è ricoperto da uno strato d'aria, in superficie è grigio-velluto. I ragni palombari possono raggiungere i 0,5-1,5 cm di lunghezza, i maschi di solito sono più grandi delle femmine.[1]

Biologia

Comportamento

La caratteristica principale di questo ragno è quella di trascorrere la sua vita sott'acqua. Tuttavia, dovendo comunque respirare aria, il ragno palombaro crea la sua tela subacquea a forma di campana e la fissa ad una o più piante. Poi, utilizzando i peli dell'addome e le zampe posteriori, trasporta dalla superficie delle piccole quantità d'aria che rilascia nella tela in modo da crearsi una tana dove vivere.[1]

Non sono necessarie frequenti aggiunte d'aria perché la struttura della tela permette, grazie alla pressione osmotica, uno scambio di gas con l'acqua circostante. Questa riserva d'aria gli permette di rimanere a lungo sott'acqua dove attende il passaggio delle sue prede.
L'aspettativa di vita dell'Argyroneta aquatica è di circa due anni.[1]

Alimentazione

Si nutre di piccoli invertebrati acquatici, fra cui larve di moscerini, acari acquatici ed efemere allo stadio ninfale.

Riproduzione

La maturità sessuale viene raggiunta a circa 6 mesi. Per riprodursi il maschio crea una piccola tela adiacente a quella della femmina e poi le unisce con un tunnel. La femmina darà alla luce nella parte superiore della campana dalle 30 alle 70 uova. Queste uova si schiuderanno dopo 3 settimane dalla deposizione.[1]

Distribuzione e habitat

Si può trovare in Europa, nel nord dell'Asia e nel Nordafrica. In Giappone è presente la sottospecie Argyroneta aquatica japonica. Vive in acque ferme con piante acquatiche.[1]

Stato di conservazione

Sensibile ai pesticidi, è una specie a rischio, in drastico calo numerico.

Note

  1. ^ a b c d e David Alderton, Animali, Rusconi Libri, 2012.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàNDL (EN, JA) 01134393
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