Araneomorphae

Come leggere il tassoboxProgetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox
Come leggere il tassobox
Araneomorphae
Argiope aurantia
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumProtostomia
PhylumArthropoda
SubphylumChelicerata
ClasseArachnida
OrdineAraneae
SottordineOpisthothelae
InfraordineAraneomorphae
SIMON, 1892
Taxon

Gli Araneomorphae (conosciuti anche come Labidognatha) sono un infraordine dell'Ordine Araneae della Classe Arachnida.

Il nome deriva dal greco αρὰχνη, aràchne, cioè ragno e μορφή, morphè, cioè forma, aspetto, ed il suffisso -ae, che designa l'appartenenza ad un ordine o un sottordine.

Caratteristiche

Possono essere riconosciuti dalla posizione dei cheliceri: se sono incrociati o si intersecano diagonalmente, allora il ragno appartiene agli Araneomorphae; se sono puntati verso il basso, siamo di fronte ad un migalomorfo. La maggior parte dei ragni che si incontrano di sovente sono araneomorfi.

Nelle due immagini seguenti è ben visibile la differenza che intercorre fra araneomorfi e migalomorfi.

Mygalomorphae

Atrax robustus

Questo Atrax robustus (specie della famiglia Hexathelidae) è in atteggiamento da minaccia e mostra chiaramente l'orientamento dei suoi cheliceri dall'alto verso il basso, paralleli all'asse del corpo del ragno. Ciò lo definisce un rappresentante dei migalomorfi.

Araneomorphae

Cheiracanthium punctorium minaccioso

Negli araneomorfi le zanne sono intersecate l'una con l'altra, fronteggiandosi e dando una maggiore varietà di prese verso la preda, contrariamente ai migalomorfi che possono azzannare solo dall'alto verso il basso.

Diversamente dai migalomorfi che possono vivere anche oltre i 25 anni, gli araneomorfi raramente superano un anno di vita.[1]

Habitat e comportamento

La stragrande maggioranza delle famiglie di ragni, circa l'85%, appartengono a questo sottordine. Nei migalomorfi il ragno più conosciuto è la tarantola, noto in quasi tutto il mondo, in quanto tende ad entrare anche nei luoghi frequentati dall'uomo. Buona parte dei restanti migalomorfi sono pressoché sconosciuti in quanto o sono di piccole dimensioni o passano la loro esistenza nei tubi serici che fungono da trappola e da nido, quindi sfuggendo alla vista umana. Gli araneomorfi, invece comprendono una pluralità di comportamenti il più evidente dei quali è il tessere ragnatele più o meno estese e di varia foggia, l'essere presenti negli angoli delle case, dietro i mobili, in qualsiasi anfratto pur piccolo che vi sia negli ambienti umani. Per non dire dei Salticidae e Lycosidae così comuni nei giardini, e via dicendo.

Tassonomia e filogenesi

Gli Araneomorphae si suddividono principalmente in due taxon, gli Hypochilae (che contiene la sola famiglia Hypochilidae), e i Neocribellatae. I Neocribellati si suddividono a loro volta in Austrochiloidea, e in due parti Entelegynae e Haplogynae, ognuno dei quali contiene varie superfamiglie:

Il seguente cladogramma mostra ben visibilmente le correlazioni tassonomiche attualmente accreditate per i livelli superiori di questo ordine.[2]

   Opisthothelae   
 

Mygalomorphae

 
   Araneomorphae   
 

Hypochilidae

 
 
   Austrochiloidea   
 

Gradungulidae

 
 

Austrochilidae

 
 
   Araneoclada   
 

Haplogynae

 
 

Entelegynae

 
 
 
 
 

Buona parte dei ragni degli Haplogynae hanno sei occhi, mentre la maggior parte degli Entelegynae ne hanno otto.

A maggio 2017, il sottordine Araneomorphae comprende 26 superfamiglie di ragni, suddivise in 95 famiglie per complessivi 3 699 generi e 43 777 specie[3]:

  1. Agelenoidea
  2. Amaurobioidea
  3. Araneoidea
  4. Archaeoidea
  5. Austrochiloidea
  6. Caponioidea
  7. Corinnoidea
  8. Dictynoidea
  9. Dysderoidea
  10. Eresoidea
  11. Filistatoidea
  12. Gnaphosoidea
  13. Hypochiloidea
  14. Leptonetoidea
  15. Lycosoidea
  16. Mimetoidea
  17. Palpimanoidea
  18. Pholcoidea
  19. Salticoidea
  20. Scytodoidea
  21. Selenopoidea
  22. Sparassoidea
  23. Tengelloidea
  24. Thomisoidea
  25. Titanoecoidea
  26. Uloboroidea
  27. Zodaroidea
Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Famiglie di Araneae (tassonomia).

Generi fossili

Di seguito sono indicati i due generi fossili che, al 2015, non hanno ancora ricevuto una precisa collocazione tassonomica a livello famiglia nell'ambito degli Araneomorphae[5]:

Note

  1. ^ http://www.publish.csiro.au/samples/spiders/.
  2. ^ Coddington and Levi (1991).
  3. ^ Currently valid spider genera and species, su wsc.nmbe.ch. URL consultato il 21 maggio 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale l'11 luglio 2017).
  4. ^ An extraordinary new family of spiders from caves in the Pacific Northwest (Araneae, Trogloraptoridae, new family), Articolo originale.
  5. ^ A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives (PDF).

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  Portale Artropodi: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di artropodi

Read other articles:

NXT Women's Championship

Professional wrestling championship in WWE This article is about the women's championship on the NXT brand. For the championship on the now-defunct NXT UK brand, see NXT UK Women's Championship. NXT Women's ChampionshipThe current NXT Women's Championship belt with default side plates(2022–present)DetailsPromotionWWEBrandNXTDate establishedApril 5, 2013Current champion(s)Lyra ValkyriaDate wonOctober 24, 2023StatisticsFirst champion(s)PaigeMost reigns2 reigns: Shayna Baszler Charlotte Flair&...

 

Persebaya Putri

Persebaya PutriNama lengkapPersatuan sepak bola Surabaya PutriJulukanWomen in GreenBerdiri10 November 1978; 45 tahun lalu (1978-11-10)StadionGelora Bung Tomo(Kapasitas: 55,000)PemilikPT. Persebaya Indonesia[1]Presiden Azrul AnandaHead coach Ridwan Anwar[2]LigaLiga 1 PutriSitus webSitus web resmi klubKelompok suporterBonek Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Kostum Alternatif Musim ini Persebaya Surabaya Tim utama Tim wanita Tim satelit Tim U-20 Tim U-18 Tim U-16 Persebaya ...

 

Nikola Žigić

Nikola ŽigićНикола Жигић Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Nikola Žigić[1]Tanggal lahir 25 September 1980 (umur 43)Tempat lahir Bačka Topola, SFR YugoslaviaTinggi 202 m (662 ft 9 in)[2]Posisi bermain PenyerangKarier junior1991–1998 AIK Bačka TopolaKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1998–2001 AIK Bačka Topola 76 (68)2001–2002 Mornar 23 (15)2002 Kolubara 8 (3)2002–2006 Red Star Belgrade 79 (47)2003 → Spartak Subotica (pinjaman) 11 (1...

Cecak

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Cecak (disambiguasi). CecakRentang fosil: 110–0 jtyl[1][2][3][4] PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Albium–Sekarang Phelsuma laticauda Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Reptilia Ordo: Squamata Subordo: Lacertilia Infraordo: Gekkota Famili: GekkonidaeGray, 1825 Subfamilies Aeluroscalabotinae Eublepharinae Gekkoninae Teratoscincinae Diplodactylinae Cecak atau cicak adalah hewan bertulang belakang reptil ya...

 

Assemblée des départements de France

Pour les articles homonymes, voir ADF. Assemblée des départements de France Cadre But Défense de l'intérêt des départements Zone d’influence France Fondation Fondation 11 septembre 1946 Fondateur Aimé Malécot, Loire, président fondateur Identité Siège Paris (Île-de-France) Président François Sauvadet[1] Vice-présidents Martine Vassal, Première Vice-Présidente - Bouches du Rhône Frédéric Bierry, Vice-Président, Président de la commission Solidarité, santé et travail ...

 

Anabacerthia

Genus of birds This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Anabacerthia – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Anabacerthia Scaly-throated foliage-gleaner Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class:...

Martha and the Vandellas

American vocal group Martha and the VandellasMartha and the Vandellas in 1965(L-to-R): Rosalind Ashford, Martha Reeves, and Betty KellyBackground informationAlso known as The Del-Phis (1957–1961) The Vels (1961–1962) Martha Reeves & the Vandellas (1967–1972) OriginDetroit, Michigan, U.S.Genres R&B soul pop Northern soul Years active1957–1972LabelsGordyPast members Martha Reeves Rosalind Ashford-Holmes Annette Beard-Helton Gloria Williams Betty Kelly Lois Reeves Sandra Tilley M...

 

Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp.

Kelly v. Arriba Soft CorporationCourtUnited States Court of Appeals for the Ninth CircuitFull case nameLeslie A. Kelly et al v. Arriba Soft CorporationArguedSeptember 10, 2001DecidedFebruary 6, 2002Citation(s)280 F.3d 934 (9th Cir. 2002) withdrawn, re-filed at 336 F.3d 811 (9th Cir. 2003)Case historyPrior history77 F.Supp.2d 1116 (C.D. Cal. 1999)Court membershipJudge(s) sittingBetty Binns Fletcher, Thomas G. Nelson, Marsha BerzonCase opinionsMajorityNelson, joined by Fletcher, Berzon Kelly v...

 

土库曼斯坦总统

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府（Oguzkhan Presidential Palace）機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年，可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關（英语：National Council of Turkmenistan） ...

Granulocyte

Category of white blood cells GranulocyteTypes of granulocytesDetailsSystemImmune systemIdentifiersMeSHD006098FMA62854Anatomical terms of microanatomy[edit on Wikidata] Granulocytes are cells in the innate immune system characterized by the presence of specific granules in their cytoplasm.[1] Such granules distinguish them from the various agranulocytes. All myeloblastic granulocytes are polymorphonuclear, that is, they have varying shapes (morphology) of the nucleus (segmented, i...

 

2020年夏季奧林匹克運動會波蘭代表團

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl（英文）（波兰文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式：帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基（游泳）和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡（自行车）[1]闭幕式：卡罗利娜·纳亚（皮划艇）&#...

 

Uruguayan Americans

Americans of Uruguayan birth or descent Uruguayan AmericansTotal population60,013 (2018)[1]Regions with significant populationsFlorida, California, New York, TexasLanguagesEnglish, Spanish, Portuguese, ItalianReligionRoman Catholicism, Atheism, Irreligion, Protestantism, JudaismRelated ethnic groupsArgentine Americans, Spanish Americans, other Latin Americans Part of a series onHispanic andLatino Americans National origin groups Argentine Americans Bolivian Americans Brazilian America...

Perangkat lunak gratis

Untuk free software, lihat Perangkat lunak bebas. Perangkat lunak gratis atau peranti cuma-cuma (bahasa Inggris: freeware) adalah perangkat lunak, biasanya milik perorangan dan dilindungi hak cipta, yang diagihkan ke pengguna akhir secara cuma-cuma dan tidak memungut bayaran apa pun. Saat ini tidak ada lisensi, perjanjian hak, atau persetujuan lisensi pengguna akhir yang menjelaskan secara perinci apa itu freeware; setiap penerbitan perangkat lunak dapat memiliki aturan sendiri terkait fr...

 

Censorship in the United Kingdom

Censorship of content in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Part of a series onCensorship by country Countries List Albania Algeria Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bhutan Bolivia Brazil Cambodia Canada Chad China(Hong Kong / overseas) Croatia Cuba Czech Republic Denmark Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Finland France(Ancien Régime) Germany(Nazi / Democratic Republic / Federal Republic) Greece Guatemala Honduras India Indonesia(Dutch East...

 

برنامج الحدود الجديدة

رأس موقع برنامج الحدود الجديدة ، اعتبارًا من يناير 2016.[1] برنامج أو مشروع الحدود الجديدة (بالإنجليزية: New Frontiers program)‏ هو سلسلة من مهام استكشاف الفضاء التي تجريها ناسا بهدف تعزيز فهمنا للنظام الشمسي.[2] يختار البرنامج مهام من الدرجة المتوسطة والتي يمكن أن توفر عوائد عل...

2010 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2010) 2010 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election ← 2008 November 2, 2010 2012 → All 203 seats in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives102 seats needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader Sam Smith Keith McCall Party Republican Democratic Leader since January 2, 2007 January 6, 2009 Leader's&#...

 

The News Building (London)

Office building in London, England South side of The News Building The News Building is a 17-storey office block in the London Bridge area of London that forms part of the Shard Quarter development. It houses all of News UK's London operations, including The Times, The Sunday Times, The Sun, The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones, talkSPORT, TalkRADIO, Times Radio, Virgin Radio, and the book publisher HarperCollins. It was designed by the Italian architect Renzo Piano, who also designed The Shard...

 

Olympic Gymnastics Arena

Indoor sports arena in Seoul, South Korea Olympic Gymnastics ArenaKSPO DomeThe arena in 2020LocationBangi-dong, Songpa District, Seoul, South KoreaCoordinates37°31′09″N 127°07′39″E / 37.51916°N 127.127514°E / 37.51916; 127.127514Capacity15,000ConstructionBroke ground31 August 1984Opened30 April 1986Renovated2016–2018ArchitectKim Swoo-geun(Space Group of Korea – SKG)Structural engineerDavid H. Geiger (original)Haeahn Architecture(2018 renovations)[1&...

Tentara Hijau

Tentara Hijau biasanya menggunakan warna hijau dan hitam serta kombinasi keduanya. Tentara Hijau (Rusia: Зелёная Армия), atau Hijau (Rusia: Зелёные) adalah kelompok petani bersenjata yang bertarung melawan seluruh pemerintahan dalam Perang Saudara Rusia 1917–22. Mereka berjuang untuk melindungi komunitas mereka dari rekuisisi atau reprisal yang dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak ketiga. Pada masa-masa yang berkaitan dengan Partai Sosialis-Revolusioner (yang pada masa itu merupaka...

 

Republicanism in the United States

Political philosophy This article is about a political and social philosophy. For the United States political party, see Republican Party (United States). Not to be confused with Political positions of the Republican Party. The Capitol exalted classical republican virtues.[1] This article is part of a series on thePolitics of the United States Federal government Constitution of the United States Law Taxation Policy Legislature United States Congress House of Representatives Speaker Mi...