Archaeidae

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Archaeidae
Austrarchaea sp.
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumProtostomia
PhylumArthropoda
SubphylumChelicerata
ClasseArachnida
OrdineAraneae
SottordineAraneomorphae
SuperfamigliaArchaeoidea
FamigliaArchaeidae
C.L.Koch & Berendt, 1854
Generi

Archaeidae C.L.Koch & Berendt, 1854 è una famiglia di ragni appartenente all'infraordine Araneomorphae.

Etimologia

Il nome deriva dal greco ἁρχαἶος, archàios, cioè primitivo, originario, antico, ed il suffisso -idae, che designa l'appartenenza ad una famiglia.

Descrizione

Il loro nome comune di ragni-pellicano è dovuto alla loro anatomia specializzata in modo peculiare per predare: hanno evoluto cheliceri e collo allungati per afferrare velocemente le prede, di solito altri ragni.

Sono una famiglia molto antica di ragni, i cui fossili risalgono a quando il continente Gondwana era ancora unito; il genere fossile Jurarchaea ne è la testimonianza.

Distribuzione

Di questa famiglia ben 21 specie su 71 sono state rinvenute nel Madagascar, anche se non descritte ancora approfonditamente. Sono diffusi in Africa meridionale, soprattutto in Madagascar e in Australia[1].

Archaeidae, distribuzione

Etologia

Il loro cibo preferito è costituito da altri aracnidi, che catturano in modo veramente insolito: avendo il collo molto lungo, la testa è situata a notevole distanza dall'opistosoma e può colpire la preda quasi aggirandola con i cheliceri, anch'essi notevolmente lunghi in relazione al corpo. Questi ragni assassini divennero noti nel 1840 per alcuni ritrovamenti fossili all'interno di ambra in Europa e non si ebbero notizie di esemplari viventi fino al 1881. La grandezza di norma non supera i 6 millimetri.

esemplari di Zephyrarachnea:
A (Zephyrarchaea vichickmani, femmina);
B (Zephyrarchaea barrettae, maschio);
C (Zephyrarchaea janineae, femmina);
D (Zephyrarchaea marki, maschio);
E (Zephyrarchaea mainae, femmina);
F (Zephyrarchaea mainae, femmina)

Tassonomia

Attualmente, a novembre 2020, si compone di 5 generi e 90 specie viventi, e 10 generi fossili[1]:

Generi fossili

Sono attribuiti a questa famiglia un congruo numero di generi fossili[2]:

Note

  1. ^ a b World Spider Catalogue, versione 21.5, Famiglie di ragni, con numero di generi e specie URL consultato il 27 novembre 2020, su wsc.nmbe.ch.
  2. ^ A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives by Jason A. Dunlop (Berlin), David Penney (Manchester) & Denise Jekel (Berlin)

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