Anapidae

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Anapidae
Conculus lyugadinus - maschio
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumProtostomia
PhylumArthropoda
SubphylumChelicerata
ClasseArachnida
OrdineAraneae
SottordineAraneomorphae
SuperfamigliaAraneoidea
FamigliaAnapidae
Simon, 1895
Generi
vedi testo

Anapidae Simon, 1895 è una famiglia di ragni appartenente all'infraordine Araneomorphae.

Caratteristiche

La famiglia è composta da specie di piccole dimensioni, raramente più lunghe di due millimetri; in alcune specie, quali Pseudanapis parocula i pedipalpi della femmina sono ridotti a dei moncherini sull'anca.

Gli anapidi generalmente vivono fra le foglie e il muschio prospicienti il terreno delle foreste pluviali. La ragnatela, di forma sferoidale, ha un diametro minore di tre centimetri. Gli occhi sono molto piccoli, il corpo per lo più è di colore rossastro scuro e molto compatto; la pleura è sclerotizzata.

Anapidae, distribuzione
Conculus lyugadinus, femmina

Distribuzione

Buona parte dei generi è diffusa in Nuova Zelanda, Australia e Africa. Alcuni in Giappone, Cina e Corea. Solo Comaroma simoni e le tre specie del genere Zangherella sono diffuse in Europa. Infine Gertschanapis shantzi e Comaroma mendocino vivono negli USA[1].

Tassonomia

Considerazioni morfologiche e analisi approfondite espresse in un lavoro degli aracnologi Lopardo, Giribet & Hormiga del 2010, verificate recentemente, hanno consentito nel 2017 il trasferimento nelle Anapidae dei generi dell'ex-famiglia Micropholcommatidae[2]

Un recente lavoro, Dimitrov et al., 2017, ha valutato approfonditamente gli esemplari del genere Holarchaea e quelli della ex-famiglia Micropholcommatidae, stabilendone la sinonimizzazione nella famiglia Anapidae.[3]

Attualmente, a novembre 2020, si compone di 58 generi e 233 specie[1]:

  1. Acrobleps Hickman, 1979 - Tasmania[4]
  2. Algidiella Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Isole Auckland
  3. Anapis Simon, 1895 — America centrale e meridionale
  4. Anapisona Gertsch, 1941 — America centrale e meridionale
  5. Austropholcomma Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Tasmania, Australia occidentale
  6. Borneanapis Snazell, 2009 — Borneo
  7. Caledanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Nuova Caledonia
  8. Chasmocephalon O. P-Cambridge, 1889 — Australia
  9. Comaroma Bertkau, 1889 — Europa, USA, Cina, Corea, Giappone
  10. Conculus Komatsu, 1940 — Nuova Guinea, Corea, Giappone
  11. Crassanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Cile, Argentina
  12. Crozetulus Hickman, 1939 — Africa
  13. Dippenaaria Wunderlich, 1995 — Sudafrica
  14. Elanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Cile
  15. Enielkenie Ono, 2007 — Taiwan
  16. Eperiella Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Tasmania, Cile
  17. Epigastrina Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Tasmania
  18. Eterosonycha Butler, 1932 (Micropholcommatinae) — Australia
  19. Forsteriola Brignoli, 1981 — Africa
  20. Gaiziapis Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 — Cina
  21. Gertschanapis Platnick & Forster, 1990 — USA
  22. Gigiella Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Tasmania, Cile, Victoria (Australia)
  23. Guiniella Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Nuova Guinea
  24. Hickmanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Tasmania
  25. Holarchaea Forster, 1955 (Holarchaeinae) — Nuova Zelanda e Tasmania
  26. Mandanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Nuova Caledonia
  27. Maxanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Australia
  28. Metanapis Brignoli, 1981 — Africa, Nepal
  29. Micropholcomma Crosby & Bishop, 1927 (Micropholcommatinae) — Australia
  30. Minanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Cile, Argentina
  31. Montanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Nuova Caledonia
  32. Normplatnicka Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Queensland, Nuovo Galles del Sud, Australia occidentale, Cile
  33. Nortanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Australia
  34. Novanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Nuova Zelanda
  35. Octanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Australia
  36. Olgania Hickman, 1979 (Micropholcommatinae) — Australia
  37. Paranapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Nuova Zelanda
  38. Pateliella Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Isola Lord Howe
  39. Pecanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Cile
  40. Pseudanapis Simon, 1905 — America centrale e meridionale, Africa, Asia meridionale, Nuova Guinea, Hong Kong
  41. Pua Forster, 1959 (Micropholcommatinae) — Nuova Zelanda
  42. Queenslanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Australia
  43. Raveniella Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Tasmania, Queensland, Australia occidentale
  44. Rayforstia Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Nuova Zelanda, Queensland, Isole Campbell
  45. Risdonius Hickman, 1939 — Australia
  46. Sheranapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Cile
  47. Sinanapis Wunderlich & Song, 1995 — Cina
  48. Sofanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Cile
  49. Spinanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Australia
  50. Taliniella Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Nuova Zelanda
  51. Taphiassa Simon, 1880[5] (Micropholcommatinae) - Nuova Caledonia
  52. Tasmanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Tasmania
  53. Teutoniella Brignoli, 1981 (Micropholcommatinae) — Brasile, Cile
  54. Tinytrella Rix & Harvey, 2010 (Micropholcommatinae) — Nuova Zelanda
  55. Tricellina Forster & Platnick, 1989 (Micropholcommatinae) — Cile
  56. Victanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Australia
  57. Zangherella Caporiacco, 1949 — Mediterraneo
  58. Zealanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 — Nuova Zelanda

Note

  1. ^ a b World Spider Catalogue, versione 21.5, Famiglie di ragni, con numero di generi e specie URL consultato il 27 novembre 2020, su wsc.nmbe.ch.
  2. ^ Micropholcomma URL consultato il 21 maggio 2017
  3. ^ Holarchaea URL consultato il 21 maggio 2017
  4. ^ Trasferito qui dalla famiglia Mysmenidae da Lopardo & Hormiga nel 2008 World Spider Catalogue, Anapidae
  5. ^ Trasferito qui dalla famiglia Mysmenidae dal recente studio degli aracnologi Rix e Harvey, 2010 e considerato un sinonimo anteriore del genere Parapua, Forster, 1959

Bibliografia

  • Frances and John Murphy. 2000 - An Introduction to the Spiders of South East AsiaWith Notes on all the Genera. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.
  • Karen Schutt, 2003 - Phylogeny of Symphytognathidae s.l. (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoologica Scripta, vol.32, p. 129–151.
  • Ramirez & Platnick, 1998 - Sofanapis antillanca (Araneae, Anapidae) as a kleptoparasite of austrochiline spiders (Araneae, Austrochilidae). Journal of Arachnology, vol.27(2), p. 547-549. Articolo in PDF

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