Psilodercidae

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Psilodercidae
Althepus sepakuensis, olotipo maschile e paratipo femminile. A = genitali femminili (SP=spermateca; PP=piastra epiginale)
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumProtostomia
PhylumArthropoda
SubphylumChelicerata
ClasseArachnida
OrdineAraneae
SottordineAraneomorphae
FamigliaPsilodercidae
Machado, 1951
Generi

Psilodercidae Machado, 1951 è una famiglia di ragni appartenente all'ordine Araneae.

Caratteristiche

I ragni appartenenti a questa famiglia possono essere distinti per il "posizionamento segestriide" dei loro sei occhi, uguale a quello dei ragni della famiglia Segestriidae. Inoltre non hanno setole sulle loro zampe, hanno forti setole apicali sul cymbium è un paio di spermateche nelle femmine[1].

Distribuzione

Le 224 specie della famiglia sono ampiamente distribuite in Asia sudorientale, Cina e Filippine[2].

Tassonomia

Gli 11 generi appartenenti a questa famiglia sono relativamente poco studiati e potranno cambiare numero di specie e filogenesi man mano che maggiori informazioni saranno disponibili. In particolare l'aracnologo Wunderlich ha osservato che Psiloderces è troppo ampio e andrebbe suddiviso in più gruppi piccoli e distinti[1].

Descritta come sottofamiglia delle Ochyroceratidae a seguito di un lavoro di Machado del 1951, con la denominazione di Psilodercinae; confermata da successivi studi della Deeleman-Reinhold del 1995 e di Wunderlich (2004b). Successive considerazioni in un lavoro di qualche anno dopo hanno spinto Wunderlich (2008i) ad elevarla al rango di famiglia a sé con l'attuale denominazione: il tutto ratificato e confermato da un lavoro degli aracnologi Pérez-González, Rubio & Ramírez, del 2016[2].

Attualmente, a dicembre 2020, si compone di 11 generi e 224 specie:[2]

  1. Althepus Thorell, 1898 - Asia sudorientale, Filippine, Cina
  2. Flexicrurum Tong & Li, 2007 - Cina (Hainan)
  3. Leclercera Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 - Cina, Thailandia, Nepal, Myanmar, Celebes, Filippine, Borneo, Malaysia
  4. Luzonacera F.Y. Li & S.Q. Li, 2017 - Filippine (Luzon)
  5. Merizocera Fage, 1912 - Sri Lanka, Thailandia, Myanmar, Cina, Singapore, Giava
  6. Priscaleclercera Wunderlich, 2017 - Indonesia (Celebes)
  7. Psiloderces Simon, 1892 - Borneo, Thailandia, Filippine, Celebes, Flores, Vietnam, Giava, Sri Lanka, Cina, Sumatra
  8. Qiongocera F.Y. Li & S.Q. Li, 2017 - Cina (Hainan)
  9. Relictocera F.Y. Li & S.Q. Li, 2017 - Thailandia, Vietnam
  10. Sinoderces F.Y. Li & S.Q. Li, 2017 - Cina (Hainan), Laos, Thailandia
  11. Thaiderces F.Y. Li & S.Q. Li, 2017 - Thailandia, Sumatra, Myanmar
Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Famiglie di Araneae e Famiglie di Araneae (tassonomia).

Note

  1. ^ a b Jorg Wunderlich, The dominance of ancient spider families of the Araneae: Haplogynae in the Cretaceous, and the late diversification of the advanced ecribellate spiders of the Entelegynae after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction events, with descriptions of new families, in Beiträge zur Araneologie, vol. 5, 2008, pp. 524–674, 802–813.
  2. ^ a b c World Spider Catalogue, versione 21.5, Famiglia Psilodercidae URL consultato il 27 dicembre 2020, su wsc.nmbe.ch.

Bibliografia

  • Fage, L., 1912 - Etudes sur les araignées cavernicoles. I. Revision des Ochyroceratidae (n. fam.). In: Biospelogica, XXV. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale vol.5 (10), pp.97-162. PDF
  • Fage, L., 1929a - Fauna of the Batu Caves, Selangor. X. Arachnida: Pedipalpi (Part) and Araneae. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums vol.14: pp.356-364. PDF
  • Machado, A. de B., 1951 - Ochyroceratidae (Araneae) de l'Angola. Publicações Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola vol.8: pp.1-88. PDF
  • Brignoli, P. M., 1973c - Ragni delle Filippine, I. Un nuovo Althepus cavernicolo dell'isola de Mindanao (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae). International Journal of Speleology vol.5: pp.111-115. PDF
  • Brignoli, P. M., 1973d - Un nuovo Althepus dell'India meridionale (Arachnida: Araneae: Ochyroceratidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie vol.80: pp.587-593. PDF
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L., 1995d - The Ochyroceratidae of the Indo-Pacific region (Araneae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement vol.2: pp.1-103. PDF
  • Wunderlich, J., 2004b - Fossil spiders (Araneae) of the superfamily Dysderoidea in Baltic and Dominican amber, with revised family diagnoses. Beiträge zur Araneologie vol.3: pp.633-746. PDF
  • Tong, Y. F. & Li, S. Q., 2007a - First records of the family Ochyroceratidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from China, with descriptions of a new genus and eight new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology vol.55: pp.63-76. PDF
  • Wunderlich, J., 2008i - The dominance of ancient spider families of the Araneae: Haplogynae in the Cretaceous, and the late diversification of the advanced ecribellate spiders of the Entelegynae after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction events, with descriptions of new families. Beiträge zur Araneologie vol.5: pp.524-674, pp.802-813. PDF
  • Tong, Y. F., 2013 - Haplogynae spiders from Hainan, China. Science Press, Beijing, 96 pp., 81 pl. PDF
  • Li, F. Y., Li, S. Q. & Jäger, P., 2014 - Six new species of the spider family Ochyroceratidae Fage 1912 (Arachnida: Araneae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa n.3768(2): pp.119-138. PDF
  • Pérez-González, A., Rubio, G. D. & Ramírez, M. J., 2016 - Insights on vulval morphology in Ochyroceratinae with a rediagnosis of the subfamily and description of the first Argentinean species (Araneae: Synspermiata: Ochyroceratidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger vol.260: pp.33-44. PDF
  • Li, F. Y., Liu, C. & Li, S. Q., 2018 - Ten new species of the spider genus Althepus Thorell, 1898 from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae). ZooKeys n.776: pp.27-60. PDF
  • Li, F. Y., Liu, C., Wongprom, P. & Li, S. Q., 2018d - Sixteen new species of the spider genus Althepus Thorell, 1898 (Araneae: Ochyroceratidae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa n.4471(3): pp.401-445. PDF
  • Xu, M. J., Li, F. Y. & Li, S. Q., 2018 - Four new species of the spider genus Leclercera Deeleman-Reinhold (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from Nepal. Zootaxa n.4461(4): pp.558-572. PDF
  • Bai, Z. L., Li, F. Y. & Li, S. Q., 2019 - Ten new species of the spider genus Sinoderces Li & Li, 2017 from China, Laos and Thailand (Araneae, Psilodercidae). ZooKeys n.886: pp.79-111. PDF
  • Chang, W.-J. & Li, S. Q., 2019 - Fourteen new species of the spider genus Thaiderces from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Psilodercidae). ZooKeys n.869: pp.103-146. PDF
  • Kulkarni, M. L. & Dupérré, N., 2019 - Description of a new species of Althepus (Araneae: Ochyroceratidae) from Maharashtra State, India. Munis Entomology and Zoology vol.14(1): pp.158-164. PDF
  • Chang, W.-J. & Li, S. Q., 2020a - Fourteen new species of the spider genus Psiloderces Simon, 1892 from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Psilodercidae). ZooKeys n.902: pp.61-105. PDF
  • Chang, W.-J. & Li, S. Q., 2020b - Thirty-one new species of the spider genus Leclercera from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Psilodercidae). ZooKeys n.913: pp.1-87. PDF
  • Chang, W.-J., Yao, Z. Y. & Li, S. Q., 2020 - Twenty-eight new species of the spider genus Merizocera Fage, 1912 (Araneae, Psilodercidae) from South and Southeast Asia. ZooKeys n.961: pp.41-118. PDF
  • Lin, Y. J., Tavano, M. L., Li, S. Q. & Chen, H. F., 2020b - Redescription of the type specimens of Althepus pictus Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Psilodercidae) from Myanmar. Zootaxa n.4838(3): pp.441-444. PDF
  • Rivera-Quiroz, F. A., Schilthuizen, M., Petcharad, B. & Miller, J. A., 2020 - Imperfect and askew: a review of asymmetric genitalia in araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). PLoS One vol.15(6, e0220354): pp.1-26. PDF

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