Hersiliidae

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Hersiliidae
Hersilia yaeyamaensis - femmina
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumProtostomia
PhylumArthropoda
SubphylumChelicerata
ClasseArachnida
OrdineAraneae
SottordineAraneomorphae
SuperfamigliaEresoidea
FamigliaHersiliidae
Thorell, 1870
Generi
vedi testo

Hersiliidae Thorell, 1870 è una famiglia di ragni appartenente all'infraordine Araneomorphae.

Etimologia

Probabilmente deriva dal nome personale latino Hersilia, che significa figlia del sole o, secondo altre fonti, rugiada, ed il suffisso -idae, che designa l'appartenenza ad una famiglia.

Caratteristiche

Gli appartenenti a questa famiglia sono anche detti ragni del tronco dell'albero (in inglese tree trunk spiders) in quanto si mimetizzano molto bene sulle cortecce dei tronchi di colori variegati. Hanno due filiere molto prominenti che sono grandi praticamente quanto l'intero addome, infatti ne sporgono parecchio dando l'impressione di possedere una doppia coda. Le dimensioni variano da 10 millimetri a 18 millimetri.

Un ragno della familia Hersiliidae mentre cattura un insetto della famiglia dei Cicadidi. Questa famiglia di ragni invece di tessere una tela si mimetizza sul tronco degli alberi e usa un sottile strato di fili come sistema di allarme per avvisarlo delle possibili prede

Comportamento

Hanno un modo particolare per catturare le prede; infatti non costruiscono una ragnatela affinché vi vadano a finire dentro, ma ricoprono leggermente con fili della loro seta una vasta porzione della corteccia di un albero.

Una volta che un insetto capita nei pressi di questi fili il ragno si avvicina e, con le filiere gli getta la seta addosso e lo avvolge sempre di più quasi imbozzolandolo; infine, quando ormai l'insetto è impossibilitato a muoversi, attraverso questo bozzolo lo morde e poi lo sugge.

Hersiliidae - distribuzione
Tamopsis novaehollandiae su ibisco

Distribuzione

Sono ragni soprattutto tropicali e subtropicali, a diffusione pressoché cosmopolita[1].

Tassonomia

Attualmente, a novembre 2020, si compone di 16 generi e 182 specie[1]:

Note

  1. ^ a b World Spider Catalogue, versione 21.5, Famiglie di ragni, con numero di generi e specie URL consultato il 29 novembre 2020, su wsc.nmbe.ch.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

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