Plzeň

Plzeň
Näkymä kaupunkiin.
Näkymä kaupunkiin.
lippu
lippu
vaakuna
vaakuna

Plzeň

Koordinaatit: 49°44′51″N, 13°22′39″E

Valtio Tšekki
Lääni Plzeň
Piirikunta Plzeň-město
Perustettu 1295
Hallinto
 – Pormestari Martin Zrzavecký
Pinta-ala
 – Kokonaispinta-ala 138[1] km²
Korkeus 310 m
Väkiluku (2020)  (arvio) 174 842[1]
 – Väestötiheys 1 267 as./km²
Aikavyöhyke UTC+1
 – Kesäaika UTC+2









Plzeň Cs-Plzen.ogg kuuntele ääntämys (ohje) (saks. Pilsen) on kaupunki Tšekin tasavallassa läntisessä Böömissä. Se on Plzeňin läänin pääkaupunki, ja se sijaitsee noin 90 kilometriä Prahasta lounaaseen. Kaupungissa asui vuoden 2020 arvion mukaan 174 842 asukasta.[1]

Plzeň sijaitsee viljavalla Plzeňin tasangolla, jossa monet pienet sivujoet yhtyvät Berounka-jokeen. Sen kautta kulkee vanha kauppareitti Prahasta Baijeriin.[2]

Plzeň mainitaan historiassa ensimmäistä kertaa vuonna 976 prinssi Boleslaus II:n ja keisari Otto II:n välisen sodan taistelupaikkana. Kaupunki siitä tuli vuonna 1295. Toisen maailmansodan lopussa kenraali Pattonin joukot vapauttivat kaupungin (ja läntisen Böömin), kun taas puna-armeija saapui ensinnä muuhun osaan Tšekkoslovakiaa.

Plzeň on tullut kuuluisaksi pilsener-oluttyypistä, jolle kaupunki on antanut nimensä ja jota pantiin ensi kertaa Plzeňissä. Baijerilainen panimomestari Josef Groll teki ensimmäisen erän pohjahiivaolutta vuonna 1842.[3] Tämä olut tuli myöhemmin maailmankuuluksi nimellä pilsneri, Pilsner Urquell – tšekiksi Plzeňský prazdroj.[4]

Valdštejn-Vartenberkin aatelisperhe perusti Plzeňissä teollisuusyrityksen vuonna 1859. Kymmenen vuotta myöhemmin sen osti Emil Škoda, jonka nimi säilyi konsernilla nykypäiviin asti. Ennen ensimmäistä maailmansotaa Škoda valmisti tykkejä ja työllisti 35000 henkeä Plzeňin alueella. Tehtaat vaurioituivat pahoin toisessa maailmansodassa. Kommunistivallan aikana yritys kansallistettiin, 1989 siitä tuli osakeyhtiö.[5]

Jääkiekkojoukkue HC Škoda Plzeň ja jalkapallojoukkue FC Viktoria Plzeň pelaavat maan pääsarjoissa.

Lähteet

  1. a b c Plzeň citypopulation.de. Viitattu 15.10.2020. (englanniksi)
  2. Plzeň Encyclopedia Britannica. Viitattu 29.1.2015.
  3. To Plzeň for the world’s finest beer CzechTourism. Viitattu 29.1.2015.
  4. History Lonely Planet. Arkistoitu 20.8.2014. Viitattu 29.1.2015.
  5. Skoda History Skoda. Viitattu 29.1.2015.

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