The crash of Cubana de Aviación Flight 495 killed 17 of the 20 people aboard, after being hijacked by rebels during its flight from Miami in the U.S. to the vacation resort of Varadero in Cuba. The Vickers Viscount 755 apparently ran out of fuel and crashed on a beach at Punta Tabaco as it was approaching the airport for the village of Preston in Cuba.[1][2][3]
One day after the U.S. and British moratorium on nuclear testing had gone into effect, the Soviet Union exploded a "relatively low yield" atomic weapon at its test site, and followed with another one two days later. U.S. President Eisenhower responded by statement that "We shall continue suspension of such tests for the time being, and we understand that the United Kingdom will do likewise. We hope that the Soviet Union will also do so. If there is not shortly a corresponding renunciation by the Soviet Union, the United States will be obliged to reconsider its position."[5]
November 2, 1958 (Sunday)
Thailand's dictator, Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat, issued Proclamation No. 21 as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and commander of the Revolutionary Council that had overthrown the civilian prime minister in 1957. Proclamation 21 was directed against the anthaphan in urban areas, thousands of people identified by the council as hooligans, with the goal of removing "a menace to society and the common people" in order to "promote the happiness of the people." The proclamation soon extended to the round up of nonconformist young people who had long hair or "flashy clothes", who could be among those detained for 30 days and, if deemed necessary, sent to reform institutions.[6]
The splitting of "Ice Island Alpha", an ice floe in the Arctic Ocean, stranded 21 members of the U.S. International Geophysical Year exploration team on a "drifting island" for four days without supplies. After delays for bad weather, a U.S. Air Force C-123 cargo plane sent from the Thule Air Base in Greenland rescued the group.[7]
Pakistan's former president, Iskander Mirza, went into exile six days after he was forced to resign in favor of General Mohammed Ayub Khan. Mirza and his wife boarded a KLM Royal Dutch Airlines flight at the airport in Karachi and moved to the United Kingdom, where he would receive two pensions.[8]
Died:Jean Couzy, 35, French mountaineer, was killed when he was struck on the head in a rock fall while climbing in the Dévoluy Mountains in the French Alps.
Jorge Alessandri was sworn in as President of Chile for a six-year term. Because of Chile's economic crisis, "all unnecessary pomp was omitted in the inaugural ceremonies", and Alessandri opened his new home at La Moneda, the presidential palace in Santiago, to the public for three hours.[10]
The initial contingent of military service aeromedical personnel reported for duty and began working on human factors, crew selection, and crew training plans for the U.S. crewed spacecraft program.[11]
The CBS television network in the U.S. announced the immediate cancellation of its once-popular quiz show The $64,000 Question, which had last been shown on November 2. Vice President for TV programming Hubbell Robinson Jr. said in a statement, "Although the integrity of the first big quiz show was not an issue in the replacement, The $64,000 Question has nevertheless become a victim of declining quiz show audiences."[19]
Died: Sam Zimbalist, 53, Russian-born American film producer and editor, died of a heart attack in Rome during the production of Ben-Hur, which would win 11 Academy Awards.[20]
November 5, 1958 (Wednesday)
In a drive-by shooting in Bonn, the capital of West Germany, French terrorists from the "Red Hand" group (La Main Rouge) fatally wounded Améziane Aït Ahcène, the chief representative from Algeria's rebel government-in-exile of the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN). Ahcène was driving to the Tunisian Embassy at Bad Godesberg when he was shot multiple times by machine gun fire from another car.[21] He would survive for almost six months in a hospital in Tunisia until his death on April 24.
Under the leadership of Dr. Maurice E. Müller, the AO Foundation was founded by a meeting of 13 orthopedic surgeons at the Elite Hotel in Biel, near Bern in Switzerland. The creation by the surgeons of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (the Association for Osteosynthesis), has been described as a "small gathering that would someday... cause a worldwide revolution in trauma care, and spawn a global industry for the manufacturing of the necessary implants and related surgical tools"[22] for open reduction internal fixation to mend broken bones with screws and plates, intramedullary rods and other metallic devices.[23]
Albert Freedman, the producer of the U.S. television game show Twenty-One, became the first person to be arrested in connection with the TV quiz show scandals. He was indicted for perjury on charges of having knowingly lied under oath to a grand jury on about supplying questions or answers to contestants on Twenty One.[25]
A contractor briefing, attended by some 40 prospective bidders on the crewed spacecraft, was held at the Langley Research Center. More detailed specifications were then prepared and distributed to about 20 manufacturers who had stated an intention to bid on the project.[11]
Jeewan Kumaranatunga, Sri Lankan film and TV actor who later became a cabinet minister (for Lands & Land Development, then for Posts & Telecommunication) between 2007 and 2015; in Seeduwa, Ceylon
Cuban Army intelligence officers and police raided an apartment in La Víbora, a suburb of Havana, and killed Angel Almejeira, the chief of militia of Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement, along with two other rebels, in a gun battle.[28]
Died: C. Ganesha Iyer, 80, Sri Lankan (Ceylonese) Tamil philologist
November 9, 1958 (Sunday)
All 36 people aboard an Aero-Topográfica (ARTOP) Martin PBM-5 Mariner disappeared and were presumed dead after the flying boat airplane experienced trouble during the Portuguese airliner's flight from Lisbon to Funchal while over the North Atlantic Ocean.[29] The last transmission was an international Morse code distress signal, "QUG", meaning ""I am forced to land immediately."[30][31]
The wreckage of the B-24 Liberator bomber nicknamed Lady Be Good, was found in the Libyan Desert more than 15 years after it had crashed on April 4, 1943. An oil exploration team from the British Petroleum company had accidentally discovered the airplane debris. The remains of the crew, who had bailed out from the airplane and then died of thirst days later, would not be found until 1960.
November 10, 1958 (Monday)
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev said in a speech in Moscow that the Potsdam Agreement of 1945, which had provided for control of Berlin by the U.S., the UK, France and the U.S.S.R. after World War II, was "out of date" and accused the three western powers of consistently violating the agreement, thereby having "abolished the legal basis on which their stay in Berlin rested."[32] The statement would be followed days later by an ultimatum giving the three NATO members six months to withdraw from West Berlin.
Former Iraqi Premier Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali, former Armed Forces Chief of Staff Rafiq Arif and former Deputy Chief of Staff Ghazi Mohammed Daghistani, were all sentenced to death by a five-man military tribunal in Baghdad.[33] All three had served under King Faisal II and Prime Minister Nuri as-Said, and would be released in 1960.
Harry Winston donated the Hope Diamond to the Smithsonian Institution.[35] His jewelry dealership, "Harry Winston, Inc.", had purchased the allegedly cursed gem from the estate of Evalyn Walsh McLean in 1949, sent it by mail from New York on November 8, and a presentation ceremony was made two days later. While the Hope Diamond had a reputation for being followed by tragedy to its owners over 300 years, including Mrs. McLean, a reporter noted that "As far as Mr. Winston could make out, it has brought him no bad luck. And as of Monday, if anyone it is hexed, it will not be he, but the staff of the Smithsonian Institution."[36]
Friar Pire
The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Dominique Pire, a Belgian Dominican friar who had helped thousands of displaced persons and refugees after World War II.[37]
November 11, 1958 (Tuesday)
The first bone marrow transplant to a human recipient from an unrelated donor was performed in Paris by Dr. Georges Mathé, a French oncologist and surgeon.[38] Frenchman Marcel Pabion volunteered for a graft of his bone marrow to Yugoslavian engineer Radojko Maksić, who had been irradiated in a nuclear accident at the Vinča Nuclear Institute on October 15. Maksić and four other patients would recover from being irradiated, while a sixth one failed to survive.
Argentina's President Arturo Frondizi imposed a 30-day state of siege and the suspension of constitutional rights in the South American republic, using his powers under Article 23 of the Constitution for internal disorder. More than 700 Peronists, Communists and Nationalists were arrested.[39] Vice President Alejandro Gómez was accused the next day of plotting Frondizi's overthrow with members of the armed forces and opposition political leaders.[40] Gomez initially refused calls to quit, then resigned on November 18 after a confrontation in his office by an angry mob.[41]
Three mountain climbers became the first persons to climb to the top of "El Capitan", a 3,000-foot (910 m) tall vertical rock formation in the U.S. at the Yosemite National Park in California. Warren Harding, George Whitmore and Wayne Merry worked for 47 days in scaling the natural rock wall.[45]
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced an ambitious seven year plan to increase industrial production in the Soviet Union by 80% by the end of the year 1965, including a goal of having more than half of the world's industrial output be produced by the Communist nations. Khrushchev presented the plan before the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party the day before, for adoption at the Party Congress in 1959.[47][48]
William A. Shea, a New York City lawyer who was chairman of a committee organized by Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. to bring a new National League baseball franchise to the city, announced plans to organize a third major league so compete against the established National League and American League. Shea said in a press conference that the city would be prepared to build a new stadium for the league's New York team, and that the plan, for what would later be promoted as the Continental League, had become necessary because Shea had "become convinced the National League has no intention at this time of expanding into a ten-club circuit."[49]
Specifications for the American crewed spacecraft were issued, and final copies would be mailed on November 17, 1958, to 20 firms which had indicated a desire to be considered as bidders.[11] NASA set the deadline for proposal submission as December 11, 1958.[11]
Born:Sergio Goyri, Mexican television actor on multiple soap operas; in Puebla
November 15, 1958 (Saturday)
In the west African Dominion of Ghana, 43 people were indicted on charges of being members of the underground terrorist organization "Zenith 7" and of plotting to poison Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah and officials of his ruling Convention People's Party.[52]
Power
Died: Tyrone Power, 44, popular American film actor, died of a massive heart attack while filming an action scene for the movie Solomon and Sheba in Spain, where he had been cast in the lead role as Solomon.[53] Filming was two-thirds complete when Power died, and the part was recast the next day with Yul Brynner for re-filming of Power's scenes.
November 16, 1958 (Sunday)
A yes/no vote was held in Hungary for the 338-member Országgyűlés. The only legal political party in the Communist nation, the Hungarian Working People's Party of First Secretary Janos Kadar, presented a slate of candidates for voter approval. Polling stations were unpatrolled and voters had the option of crossing off the names of candidates whom they wished to express their opinion of disapproval. In some districts, unofficial nominees were listed on the ballot.[54]
Elections for the 400 seat Volkskammer, Communist East Germany's parliament, were held as a yes/no election for the slate of candidates for the National Front,[55] but did not include East Berlin, the Soviet sector of the divided city of Berlin, who voted only for city council members.
"The Chipmunk Song", subtitled "Christmas Don't Be Late", was released as a single 45 rpm recording by Liberty Records and introduced the popular "Alvin and the Chipmunks" franchise.[58] Comedian Ross Bagdasarian (who had earlier had a hit with the song "Witch Doctor") recorded the voices of his alter ego, David Seville, and, at high speed, of Alvin, Simon and Theodore. "The Chipmunk Song" would reach No. 1 on the "Billboard" magazine's Hot 100.
Thirty-three of the 35 crew of the lake freighterSS Carl D. Bradley died when it broke up and sank in a storm on Lake Michigan.[62] The night before, after having made its final scheduled delivery of the season (a cargo of crushed stone at Gary, Indiana), the ship had been on its way to Manitowoc, Wisconsin, where it would have been placed in dry dock. Hours before it reached Manitowoc, the ship received an order from U.S. Steel to travel to Rogers City, Michigan for a last-minute order of limestone. At 5:35 in the afternoon, southwest of Michigan's Gull Island, while sailing in a storm, the ship exploded and broke in two. Neither of the two lifeboats on the stern half of the boat could be lowered to evacuate the 15 sailors who reached the stern side of the deck, and only four crew members were able to reach the life raft on the bow side. Of the four who got on the raft, two were thrown off into the sea by massive waves.[63][64]
The U.S. Department of Defense began the process of reducing the size of the 2.6-million member U.S. armed forces, trimming the 70,000 jobs over the course of seven months and reducing the quota for the draft call from 11,000 per month to 9,000 starting in January.[65]
Kyriakos Matsis, the commander of the Greek Cypriot terrorist group EOKA, was killed by British Army security forces after being tracked to a hideout in Dikomo in the predominantly Turkish Cypriot part of the island in northern Cyprus. Matsis, being hunted for the November 8 killing by EOKA of two British soldiers, ordered his two EOKA comrades to give themselves up. After he refused to surrender and shouted "I'll come out firing!", the British tossed two grenades into the house and killed him instantly.[66]
In one of the decisive battles of the Cuban Revolution, the guerrillas of the 26th of July Movement defeated the Cuban Army in the Battle of Guisa.
Governor J. Lindsay Almond of the U.S. state of Virginia, whose state was engaged in a dispute with the U.S. government over racial segregation of the state's schools, ordered that the American flag be hauled down from the lone flagpole on the state Capitol building in Richmond, and that the flag of Virginia be run up in its place. Almond told reporters that he had made the decision "because this is the Commonwealth of Virginia and I want the Virginia flag to fly from this Capitol," and added that with only one pole, he would not permit the usual custom of having the Virginia banner be displayed beneath the U.S. flag.[68]
The three United States military services were invited to send one person each to the Space Task Group to perform liaison duties for the crewed spacecraft project. These posts would be filled in January 1959 by Lt. Colonel Martin Raines, U.S. Army; Lt. Colonel Keith Lindell, U.S. Air Force; and Commander Paul Havenstein, U.S. Navy.[11]
November 21, 1958 (Friday)
The Universidad de Oriente Venezuela was founded by Decree Law No. 459, to serve students in eastern Venezuela. The first classes would be held on February 12, 1959, in Cumaná in the state of Sucre, with 113 students enrolled.
Caril Ann Fugate, a Nebraska teenager who had helped her boyfriend Charles Starkweather 11 murders, was sentenced to life imprisonment.[70] She would be paroled on June 20, 1976, after 18 years of incarceration.[71]
Born: Ian Cognito (stage name for Paul Barbieri), English stand-up comedian; in London (d. 2019)
Died:
Mel Ott, 49, former U.S. major league baseball star and inductee to the National Baseball Hall of Fame, died of injuries from a November 14 automobile accident.[72]
Janie Brady Jones, 92, widow of the railroad engineer referred to in "The Ballad of Casey Jones". Mrs. Jones, who was portrayed unfairly in the song's last verse as "Mrs. Casey" who told her children "you got another papa on the Salt Lake Line", outlived her husband by almost 60 years after he was killed on April 30, 1900.[73]
The opening round of voting began in France as 2,978 candidates vied for the 465 National Assembly seats in the first elections under the new Fifth Republic constitution.[76] Only 39 of the 465 races were decided in the first round, which required a candidate to win more than 50% of the vote.[77]
The leaders of the nations of Ghana and Guinea, announced in Accra that they had signed an agreement to unite in a confederacy that would be the "nucleus of a union of West African states, subject to ratification by both nations' national assemblies.[78]
November 24, 1958 (Monday)
The African colony of the French Sudan was made an autonomous state, the Sudanese Republic, a self-governing member of the French Community, a prelude to independence.[79] After briefly joining with Senegal to become independent as the Mali Federation on June 20, 1960, it would separate and become the Republic of Mali on September 22, 1960.
The CBS TV anthology Desilu Playhouse presented "The Time Element",[80] the teleplay by Rod Serling that would lead to the American network's decision to broadcast a weekly series of Serling's productions, the classic science fiction show The Twilight Zone. The program starred William Bendix in a psychological thriller.
The Space Task Group placed an order for one Atlas launch vehicle with the Air Force Missile Division, Inglewood, California, as part of a preliminary research program leading to human spaceflight. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters requested that the Air Force construct and launch one Atlas C launch vehicle to check the aerodynamics of the spacecraft. It was the intention to launch this missile about May 1959 in a ballistic trajectory. This was to be the launch vehicle for the Big Joe reentry test shot, but plans were later changed, and an Atlas Model D launch vehicle was used instead.[11]
Parkyakarkus (stage name for Harry Einstein), American comedian who was famous on radio and on film in the role of the Greek chef "Nick Parkyakarkus" (a play on words of the phrase "park your carcass"), died at 1:20 in the morning, hours after collapsing following a performance at the Friars Club banquet in Beverly Hills, California, for Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz.[82]
The African colony of the Senegal was made an autonomous republic as a self-governing member of the French Community, a prelude to full independence in 1960.[84]
The U.S. crewed satellite program was officially designated Project Mercury.[11]
Space Task Group personnel presented a proposed program for Langley Research Center support in the Little Joe phase of Project Mercury. Langley was favorably inclined, and after a survey of manpower and facility availability, notified Space Task Group on December 5, 1958, of its willingness to support the program. Langley tasks involved contracting for engineering, construction, services, data processing, analysis, and reporting research results.[11]
At Chennault Air Force Base, near Lake Charles, Louisiana, a USAF B-47 bomber with a nuclear weapon on board developed a fire while on the ground. The aircraft wreckage and the site of the accident were contaminated after a limited explosion of non-nuclear material.[86] The fire, which killed the pilot and injured the navigator, started when a rocket-assist takeoff device exploded while the plane was parked and awaiting takeoff.[87]
November 27, 1958 (Thursday)
Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev delivered an ultimatum to the United States, the United Kingdom and France, demanding that the Western nations' troops be withdrawn from West Berlin within six months, after which the Soviets would turn administration of the city, including control over the access corridors used between West Germany and West Berlin, to control of the East German government.[88]John Foster Dulles, the U.S. Secretary of State, responded "We are not afraid of May 27, 1959." Ironically, Dulles would be buried at Arlington National Cemetery on May 27, 1959, three days after his May 24 death from cancer.[89][90]
Artur Rodziński, 66, Polish-born American music conductor, died of exhaustion 11 days after completion of the Lyric Opera of Chicago performances of Tristan und Isolde
November 28, 1958 (Friday)
The French African colonies of Chad, the Republic of the Congo, and Gabon were all granted autonomous republic status as members of the French Community. All three would attain full independence in 1960.
The United States made its first full-range firing of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), launching an unarmed SM-65 Atlas rocket from Cape Canaveral in Florida. The missile reached its target, 6,325 miles (10,179 km) to the southeast near Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, half an hour later.[94] The Atlas brought the U.S. into parity with the Soviet Union, which had successfully tested the R-7 Semyorka starting in 1957.
November 29, 1958 (Saturday)
The government of Argentina ended a nationwide strike of railway workers as the South American republic's army arrested 1,000 employees of the state-owned Ferrocarriles Argentinos. Using emergency authority assumed on November 11, President Arturo Frondizi had issued a decree on November 27 to induct all striking employees into the armed forces. The arrests made were for who failing to report for the draft.[95]
The Grey Cup, the championship of Canadian professional football, was played as the Canadian Football League for the first time, taking place in Vancouver's Empire Stadium before a crowd of 34,426. The Winnipeg Blue Bombers defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats 35–28.[96]
British actor Gareth Jones, died during the live performance of the play Underground on television, although his death took place off camera while a make-up artist was preparing him for the next scene.[100] Ironically, the 35-year-old actor was portraying the role of a man with a weak heart in the drama about people trapped in the rubble of a subway tunnel.[101] Gareth performed his role as "Carl Norman" in the first of two scenes on the presentation on ITV's Armchair Theatre,[102] complained of not feeling well when he walked off stage. When it was clear that he was not going to be coming back, the other actors ad-libbed his scene, including delivering some of the lines that Jones would have spoken.[103]
^"Cuba Court Bars Election Delay; Rejects Plea by Opposition Candidate — Castro Units Increase Their Attacks", by R. Hart Phillips, The New York Times, November 2, 1958, p. 11
^"New Soviet Tests of Atom Weapons Disclosed by U.S.; President Warns They Must Stop or the West Will Restudy Its Position", by John W. Finney, The New York Times, November 8, 1958, p. 1
^Chaloemtiarana, Thak (2018). Thailand: The Politics of Despotic Paternalism. Cornell University Press. p. 121.
^"21 Rescued After Arctic Storm Splits I. G. Y. Ice Isle". The New York Times. November 7, 1958. p. 1.
^"Pakistan's Ex-Head Travels Into Exile". The New York Times. November 3, 1958. p. 3.
^Phillips, R. Hart (November 4, 1958). "Batista Backer Appears Victor in Cuba Election". The New York Times. p. 1.
^de Onis, Juan (November 4, 1958). "Chileans Install a New President; Alessandri Succeeds Ibanez for Six-Year Term — Fete Stirs Wide Enthusiasm". The New York Times. p. 1.
^"Harry Revel, 52, Long a Composer". The New York Times. November 4, 1958. p. 27.
^"Baghdad Arrests Ex-Rebel Leader— Arif, Who Led July 14 Revolt With el-Kassem, Faces Trial as Plotter Against Regime". The New York Times. November 5, 1958. p. 12.
^Cortesi, Arnaldo (November 4, 1958). "Coronation Rites for Pontiff Begin in Rome Splendor". The New York Times. p. 1.
^Cortesi, Arnaldo (November 5, 1958). "John Is Crowned as 262d Pontiff". The New York Times. p. 1.
^Reston, James (November 6, 1958). "Democrats Gain 13 Senate Seats; Add 46 in House in Taking Republican Strongholds Throughout Nation". The New York Times. p. 1.
^"National Election Picture: Democratic Tide Is Strong; The Party's Margin in Congress Will Be Largest Since New Deal Days— Rayburn Bars Punitive Steps". The New York Times. November 5, 1958. p. 1.
^Morris, John D. (November 6, 1958). "Democrats' Edge Tripled in House— Margin of at Least 129 Is Party's 4th Highest and Its Biggest Since 1936". The New York Times. p. 1.
^"'$64,000 Question' Canceled by C.B.S.". The New York Times. November 5, 1958. p. 71.
^"Sam Zimbalist, Film Chief, Dies; Noted Producer, 57, Suffers Heart Attack on Supercolossal 'Ben-Hur' Set in Rome". Los Angeles Times. November 5, 1958. p. I-6.
^"Algerian Shot in Bonn; Rebel Leader Is Wounded". The New York Times. November 6, 1958. p. 8.
^Jean-Pierre Jeannet, Leading a Surgical Revolution: The AO Foundation – Social Entrepreneurs in the Treatment of Bone Trauma (Springer International Publishing, 2018) pp. 15-16
^Thomas Schlich, Surgery, Science and Industry: A Revolution in Fracture Care, 1950s-1990s (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016) p. 35
^"Circum-Pacific Seismic Potential: 1989-1999", by Stuart P. Nishenko, in Aspects of Pacific Seismicity, ed. by Emile A. Okal, (Springer Basel AG, 2013) p. 232
^"'21' TV Producer Held as Perjurer— Freedman Is Said to Have Lied in Denying That He Helped Contestants". The New York Times. November 8, 1958. p. 1.
^"Third Moon Rocket Fails After Firing At Cape Canaveral", by Richard Witkin, The New York Times, November 8, 1958, p. 1
^"Moon Shot Rises Only 1,000 Miles; Rocket Burns Over Africa — Third Stage Fails", by Richard Witkin, The New York Times, November 9, 1958, p. 1
^"3 Castro Aides Die In Havana Battle", The New York Times, November 8, 1958, p. 1
^"Flying Boat With 36 Down In the Atlantic Off Portugal", The New York Times, November 10, 1958, p. 1
^Furman, Bess (November 11, 1958). "Hope Diamond Put on Public Display— Ceremonies at Smithsonian Mark Receipt by Mail of Gift From Jeweler". The New York Times. p. 1.
^Bracker, Milton (November 8, 1958). "Winston Gives Hope Diamond To Smithsonian for Gem Hall; 44½-Carat Stone's History of 300 Years Has Gained It a Sinister Name". The New York Times. p. 1.
^Wiskari, Werner (November 11, 1958). "Belgian Priest Wins Nobel Peace Prize". The New York Times. p. 1.
^"Douglas Martin, "Dr. Georges Mathé, Transplant Pioneer, Dies at 88", The New York Times, October 20, 2010
^"Argentines Get Emergency Rule; 700 Are Arrested— State of Siege Imposed by Frondizi as Armed Forces Resume Major Authority", by Juan de Onis, The New York Times, November 12, 1958, p. 1
^"Argentines Foil Revolt Plot Laid to Vice President; Gomez Accused of Seeking to Oust Frondizi Regime", The New York Times, November 13, 1958, p. 1
^"Gomez Abandons Argentine Post— The Vice President Resigns to End Crisis" by Juan de Onis, The New York Times, November 19, 1958, p. 22
^"James M. Curley Dies in Boston; Colorful Democratic Boss Was 83". The New York Times. November 13, 1958. p. 1.
^"Soviet Planning 80% Industry Rise in Next 7 Years— Khrushchev, in Announcing New Economic Program, Pledges Better Life", by Max Frankel, The New York Times, November 14, 1958, p. 1
^"Soviet's Seven-Year Plan Covers Wide Range of Human Endeavor; Goals for 1965 Are Listed for Industry, Agriculture, Welfare and Education", The New York Times, November 15, 1958, p. 1
^"City Seeks 3d Major Baseball League; Committee Gives Up Hope for National Group's Return", by John Drebinger, The New York Times, November 14, 1958, p. 1
^"Admirals Battle in War Simulator; Navy Staff College Sets Up Big Electronic Installation for Command Training", The New York Times, November 8, 1958, p. 2
^"Venezuela Head Resigns to Run; Larrazabal Turns His Post Over to Sanabria, Civilian Member of Junta". The New York Times. November 15, 1958. p. 12.
^"Nkrumah Foes Accused— 43 Formally Charged With Plot to Kill Ghana Premier", The New York Times, November 16, 1958, p. 35
^"Tyrone Power, 44, Dies in Spain; Stricken After Duel on Film Set", The New York Times, November 16, 1958, p. 1
^"Voters Approve Hungarian Slate", by M.S. Handler, The New York Times, November 17, 1958, p. 5
^"'Election' Today in East Germany", The New York Times, November 16, 1958, p. 30
^"Samuel Hopkins Adams Is Dead; Novelist and Biographer Was 87— Chronicler of Erie Canal Also Wrote Crusading Magazine Articles", The New York Times, November 17, 1958, p. 31
^"Ronald Squire, British Actor, 72; Stage and Screen Comediar Dies—Seen Here in Two Plays and Many Films", The New York Times, November 17, 1958, p. 31
^Jerry Beck, The Animated Movie Guide (Chicago Review Press, 2005) p. 53
^"Sudan Coup Puts Army in Control; Capital Is Quiet as General Takes Power — Parliament Ousted in Orderly Shift", by Foster Hailey, The New York Times, November 18, 1958, p. 1
^"Two Americans Among 23 New Cardinals; Cushing and O'Hara Named — 13 Italians to Get Red Hats", by Arnold Cortesi, The New York Times, November 18, 1958, p. 1
^"Yutaka Taniyama", by J. J. O'Connor and E. F. Robertson, Maths History, University of St Andrews, School of Mathematics and Statistics
^"Freighter With 35 Feared Lost in Gale On Lake Michigan". The New York Times. November 19, 1958. p. 1.
^"Only Two Survive Lake Shipwreck; Searchers Recover 17 Bodies— Hope Abandoned for 16 Others on Freighter". The New York Times. November 20, 1958. p. 39.
^"Pentagon Begins Trimming Services; Draft Is Also Cut", by Jack Raymond, The New York Times, November 20, 1958, p. 1
^"British Press Fight Against the Cypriote Terrorists", The New York Times, November 20, 1958, p. 3
^"Gen. Ambrosio, 79, Led Italy's Army; Chief of General Staff in Worid War II Dies— Had Enemies in the Axis", The New York Times, November 22, 1958, p. 21
^"Almond Lowers U. S. Flag at Richmond And Replaces It With Virginia Banner". The New York Times. November 21, 1958. p. 19.
^"Girl, 15, Gets Life in Mass Slayings", The New York Times, November 22, 1958, p. 11
^"Caril Fugate leaves prison after 18 years", AP report in Chicago Tribune, June 21, 1976, p. 1
^"Mel Ott, 49, Dies Of Crash Injuries", The New York Times, November 22, 1958, p. 1
^"Widow of Casey. Jones Is Dead at 92; 'Haunted' by Ballad of Famed Engineer", The New York Times, November 22, 1958, p. 21
^"Menzies Is Victor in Australia Vote", The New York Times, November 23, 1958, p. 6
^"Mongolian Party Gets a New Chief; Premier Takes Top Post to 'Improve Leadership' — Two Aides Ousted", The New York Times, November 23, 1958, p. 27
^"France to Start Election Today of 456 Deputies", The New York Times, November 23, 1958, p. 1
^"De Gaulle Sweep Due in Vote Today", by Robert C. Doty, The New York Times, November 30, 1958, p. 12
^"Ghana and Guinea Agree to Join As Nucleus of Africa Federation", The New York Times, November 24, 1958, p. 1
^Giniger, Henry (November 25, 1958). "French Sudan Decides to Form Autonomous Nation Under Paris". The New York Times. p. 1.
^Gould, Jack (November 25, 1958). "TV: Triumph by Serling— Writer's 'Time Element' Stars William Bendix on 'Desilu Playhouse'". The New York Times. p. 67.
^"Viscount Cecil of Chelwood Dies; Won Nobel Peace Prize in 1937— An Architect of the League of Nations Was 94". The New York Times. November 25, 1958. p. 33.
^"'Parkyakarkus' Dies at Banquet After Giving Comedy Monologue". The New York Times. November 25, 1958. p. 33.
^"Alaska's Democrats Sweep Top Posts in First Election— Bartlett and Gruening Win Senate Seats and Egan Is Named Governor— Party Gets Heavy Majority in Legislature", by Lawrence E. Davies, The New York Times, November 27, 1958, p. 1
^"Senegal to Become Autonomous And Enter French Community; 3d of African Territories to Take Step — Plans Ties to Proposed Federation", The New York Times, November 26, 1958, p. 4
^"Charles F. Kettering Dies at 82; Inventor of Self-Starter for Cars— Former G. M. Research Chief Worked on Diesels, Paints, Ethyl Gas and Refrigerants", The New York Times, November 26, 1958, p. 1
^"Big Jet Bomber Burns With A-Bomb Aboard". Los Angeles Times. November 27, 1958. p. 1.
^"Moscow Proposes West Berlin Be Free City, Denounces Pacts— Says It Will Give East Berlin to German Reds in 6 Months", The New York Times, November 27, 1958, p. 1
^Derek Leebaert, The Fifty-Year Wound: The True Price of America's Cold War Victory (Back Bay, 2002), p. 235
^John Lewis Gaddis, We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History (Oxford University Press, 1998) p. 140
^"Akihito Will Wed Tokyo Commoner— High Council Backs Prince in His Choice of Bride", The New York Times, November 27, 1958, p. 1
^Herbert P. Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (HarperCollins, 2001) p. 661
^"Georgi Damyanov Dies in Bulgaria; President of Presidium, 66 — Ex-Defense Minister Was Military Authority", The New York Times, November 28, 1958, p. 30
^Raymond, Jack (November 30, 1958). "Pentagon Confirms Full Atlas Success In 6,325-Mile Shot". The New York Times. p. 1.
^"Argentine Troops Smash Rail Strike", The New York Times, November 30, 1958, p. I-1
^"Winnipeg Takes Grey Cup, 35 to 28 — Blue Bombers Upset Tiger-Cats, in Canadian Football Final Before 34,426", The New York Times, November 30, 1958, p. V-1
^"Gaullist Victory in New Assembly Is Overwhelming; Duclos Is Defeated as Reds Lose 139 of 149 Seats — Socialists Drop", by Robert C. Doty, The New York Times, December 1, 1958, p. 1
^"Vote Ousts Uruguayan Ruling Party", Los Angeles Times, December 2, 1958, p. I-10
^"Uruguay Upset Seen In Election Returns", by Juan de Onis, The New York Times, December 1, 1958, p. 3
^"ACTOR DIES ON TV— Collapse after H-bomb scene", by Brendan Mulholland, Daily Herald (London), December 1, 1958, p. 1
^"TV Actor Dies in Weak Heart Role", Birmingham (West Midlands) Post, December 1, 1958, p. 30
