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May 1962
May 1, 1962 (Tuesday)
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May 3, 1962 (Thursday)
May 4, 1962 (Friday)
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May 24, 1962: Astronaut Scott Carpenter orbits Earth, overshoots landing zone by 250 miles
May 31, 1962: Adolf Eichmann death sentence carried out by Israel
The following events occurred in
May 1962
:
May 1
, 1962 (Tuesday)
The
Air Force
Space Systems Division
(SSD) awarded a contract to
Lockheed
for eight
Gemini Agena target vehicles
(GATV). Mission requirements were to (1) establish a specified
circular orbit
; (2) provide a stable target and
dock
for rendezvous; (3) respond to commands from ground stations or spacecraft; (4) perform complex series of orbital maneuvers; and (5) provide an active orbit life of at least five days.
[1]
NASA and
Lockheed
agreed on a full pulse-code-modulation (PCM) for the
Gemini program
. Ten sites were selected for the installation of PCM equipment.
[1]
The Dayton Hudson Corporation opened the first of its
Target
discount stores. The store (now a "SuperTarget") is located at 1515 West County Road B in
Roseville, Minnesota
, a suburb of
Minneapolis–Saint Paul
.
[2]
Norwich City F.C.
won the English
Football League Cup
, beating
Rochdale F.C.
1 to 0 in the second leg of the two-game final after having defeated them 3 to 0 at Rochdale on April 26, for an aggregate score of 4 to 0.
A gas analysis laboratory was installed in Hanger S at
Cape Canaveral
to analyze gases used in the
Mercury spacecraft
.
[3]
Died:
Sir
Sydney Cockerell
, 94, English curator and art collector
May 2
, 1962 (Wednesday)
The value of the
Canadian dollar
was put at a
fixed exchange rate
at 92.5 United States cents (USD 0.925) after having had a fluctuating value since September 30, 1950. The Canadian Exchange Fund would purchase U.S. dollars in order to keep the Canadian dollar from going more than one percent above
92
+
1
⁄
2
¢ American, until May 30, 1970.
[4]
[5]
Benfica
(of
Lisbon
), champion of Portugal's
Primeira Divisão
league, won the
European Cup
for the second time in a row, beating
Real Madrid
(champions of Spain's
La Liga
), 5 to 3, before a crowd of 61,257 at
Amsterdam
's
Olympisch Stadion
.
An OAS car bomb killed 96 people when it exploded at the docks of
Algiers
. The deaths of 14 other people and the injury of 147 overall made the occasion "the bloodiest single day in the modern history of Algeria's capital".
[6]
Born:
Ty Herndon
, American country music singer; in
Meridian, Mississippi
Elizabeth Berridge
, American actress; in
New Rochelle, New York
Jimmy "Whirlwind" White
, English snooker player; in
Tooting
, London
Died:
Clairvius Narcisse
, 40, Haitian peasant who would attain media attention in 1980 as being the identity of a
zombie
after his death.
[7]
[8]
May 3
, 1962 (Thursday)
A railway crash involving three separate trains
killed 160 people in Japan near the
Mikawashima Station
at
Arkawawa
, a ward of
Tokyo
. Engineer Norifumi Minakami drove a freight train through a red signal and sideswiped a commuter train. As surviving passengers climbed out of that train, a third train ran through them, then plunged over an embankment.
[9]
British supermarket executive
Alan Sainsbury
, CEO of the
Sainsbury's Supermarkets
chain of grocery stores, was created a life peer in the
House of Lords
, with the title Baron Sainsbury.
May 4
, 1962 (Friday)
U.S. Ambassador to Canada
Livingston Merchant
, in his final month as envoy, made a final visit to Prime Minister
John Diefenbaker
in Ottawa. At the meeting Diefenbaker angrily brought out an American memorandum that had been left behind during President Kennedy's visit in
May 1961
.
[10]
The President's handwritten notes in the margin included the letters "OAS" (the
Organization of American States
), "but Diefenbaker read Kennedy's handwriting as '
SOB
',"
[11]
and threatened to use the memo (and the suggestion that Kennedy thought that Diefenbaker was a "son of a bitch") in the upcoming
June 18
elections. After conferring with his superiors, the ambassador later told Diefenbaker that he was personally reluctant to report "anything which could be construed as a threat" and that publication of the memo would "make difficult future relations". The memo was never used, but Kennedy and Diefenbaker never trusted each other again.
Dr. Masaki Watanabe
of Japan performed the very first arthroscopic surgery to repair a meniscus tear, a common injury for athletes. The first patient to receive the procedure was a 17-year-old basketball player, who was returned to playing six weeks after the meniscectomy and resection of his right knee by Dr. Watanabe.
[12]
During the
El Carupanazo
revolt against
Venezuelan
President
Rómulo Betancourt
,
Venezuelan Air Force
aircraft began a two-day attack on rebel positions at
Carúpano
.
[13]
Scott Carpenter
, designated as the primary pilot for the
Mercury-Atlas 7
(MA-7) crewed orbital flight, completed a simulated MA-7 mission exercise.
[3]
May 5
, 1962 (Saturday)
Seattle
businessman
Stanley McDonald
inaugurated a cruise ship service that would eventually become
Princess Cruises
, starting with the departure of the Canadian steamer SS
Yarmouth
from
San Francisco
for the first of 17 ten-day cruises to the
1962 Seattle World's Fair
and back.
[14]
[15]
After a successful six-month lease of the
Yarmouth
, McDonald would spend more than three years in making plans for the Princess Cruise line (which would be made famous by
The Love Boat
television series) on a regular series of winter tours from Los Angeles to Acapulco, starting at the end of 1965.
[16]
Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
retained the
FA Cup
with a 3–1 win over
Burnley F.C.
in front of 100,000 fans (including Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip) at
Wembley Stadium
, and became only the second team in Football League history to win the Cup two years in a row.
[17]
[18]
Goals were scored for the Spurs by
Jimmy Greaves
,
Bobby Smith
and captain
Danny Blanchflower
, with the Clarets' sole score coming from
Jimmy Robson
.
May 6
, 1962 (Sunday)
Antonio Segni
was elected
President of the Italian Republic
on the
ninth round of balloting
by the combined houses of Italian Parliament, and after four days of voting. In the first round, Segni of the
Democrazia Cristiana
(DC) party was pitted against three other candidates,
Giuseppe Saragat
(
Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano
(PSDI);
Umberto Terracini
of the
Italian Communist Party
(P.C.I.); and
Sandro Pertini
of the
Partito Socialista Italiano
(PSI), with no candidate receiving at least two-thirds of the vote in on the first three ballots. After Terracini and Pertini dropped out, and a 50 percent rather than two-thirds majority determined the choice, Segni defeated Saragat, 443 votes to 334.
[19]
The first nuclear explosion to be caused by an American ballistic missile, rather than by a bomb dropped from an aircraft or at a fixed site, was accomplished at
Christmas Island
, 1,200 miles (1,900 km) from its launch site. Previous ICBM tests had been done without a nuclear warhead. The
USS
Ethan Allen
fired the armed
Polaris A-2
missile, from underwater, to its target.
[20]
[21]
Martin de Porres
(1579–1639) of
Peru
was canonized as the first
mixed-race
Roman Catholic saint, 125 years after his beatification. The son of a Spanish nobleman father and a freed slave mother of African and Indian descent, Porres was designated as the patron saint of mixed-race individuals, barbers, innkeepers, and public health workers.
[22]
The
National Bowling League
rolled its last game, with the Detroit Thunderbirds defeating the Twin Cities Skippers, 27–15, to sweep the best 3-of-five "World Series of Bowling" for the first, and only, NBL championship.
[23]
[24]
[25]
Born:
N. J. Burkett
, American correspondent for
WABC-TV
since 1989, best known for his coverage on the
9/11 terrorist attacks
; in
Orange, New Jersey
[26]
Died:
Thomas Gilcrease
, 72, American philanthropist and collector of indigenous artifacts of the Americas
May 7
, 1962 (Monday)
Three officials of the
Central Intelligence Agency
met with U.S. Attorney General
Robert F. Kennedy
and implored him to stop investigation of Mafia crime boss
Sam Giancana
. For the first time, the CIA revealed that it had offered $150,000 to several organized criminals to carry out a "hit" against Cuba's Prime Minister,
Fidel Castro
.
[27]
The secret meeting would become public in 1975, with the release of the Rockefeller Commission's report on an investigation of the CIA.
[28]
The six-member township council of
Centralia, Pennsylvania
, voted in favor of improving the new landfill at the edge of town, in time for Memorial Day ceremonies. Every year, the contents of the city dump would be set afire, despite a state law prohibiting the practice, and the May 27 burning would prove to be the end of Centralia.
[29]
Detroit
became the first city in the United States to use traffic cameras and electronic signs to regulate the flow of traffic. The pilot program began with 14 television cameras along a 3.2-mile (5.1 km) stretch of the
John C. Lodge Freeway
, between the
Davison Expressway
and
Interstate 94
.
[30]
NASA announced that the Mercury 7 flight would be delayed several days due to problems with the
Atlas rocket
.
[3]
The
1962 Cannes Film Festival
opened.
May 8
, 1962 (Tuesday)
The Broadway musical
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum
, with music and lyrics by
Stephen Sondheim
, had the first of 964 performances. Set in ancient Rome, and inspired by the comedies of
Titus Maccius Plautus
(254 BC–184 BC), it would close on August 29, 1964, and be adapted as a film as well.
[31]
J. Paul Austin
became the new President of
The Coca-Cola Company
. During his 19-year tenure, Coca-Cola's annual worldwide sales would grow ten-fold, from $567 million to $5.9 billion.
[32]
Brian Epstein
visited the HMV (EMI) store at 363 Oxford Street, London, to have
The Beatles
' Decca audition tape transferred to 78 rpm acetates.
Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich
was inaugurated for a four-year term as the 36th
President of Costa Rica
, succeeding
Mario Echandi Jiménez
.
[33]
Died:
Alfred Madsen
, 74, Norwegian engineer, newspaper editor, trade unionist and politician
May 9
, 1962 (Wednesday)
At the request of the U.S. Department of State, the
Immigration and Naturalization Service
agreed to issue a United States visa to
Marina Prusakova Oswald
so that she could accompany her husband,
Lee Harvey Oswald
, on his return to the United States.
[34]
The lunar crater
Albategnius
became the first area of the moon to be illuminated by a laser beam from Earth. Scientists
Louis Smullin
and Giorgio Fiocco of MIT aimed the beam and then observed it.
[35]
The Beatles
signed their first recording contract, with
Parlophone
, after Brian Epstein persuaded
George Martin
to sign them, sight unseen.
[36]
The
Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane
helicopter, capable of lifting 20,000 pounds (over 9,000 kg), made its first flight.
[37]
Princess Marie-Christine of Belgium
was confirmed by Bishop
Fulton Sheen
.
[38]
Born:
Dave Gahan
, English singer-songwriter and lead singer of electronic band
Depeche Mode
; in
North Weald
,
Essex
May 10
, 1962 (Thursday)
John C. Fischer, Jr.
, an aerospace technologist at
Lewis Research Center
, put forward a plan for a two-phased approach for a U.S.
space station
program, and said that the first phase, launching a crewed and fully equipped station into orbit, would take at least four years. The second phase would require envisioned injection of an uncrewed inflatable structure into orbit which would then be occupied and resupplied by ferry vehicles. This more sophisticated approach included
artificial gravity
(eliminating many human and hardware-design problems of long periods of
zero-g
); gyroscopic stability of the platform (eliminating requirements for propellants to maintain the station's orientation in orbit); and supply vehicles designed for reentry and landing at selected airports (eliminating the expense of conventional recovery methods).
[39]
On May 10 and 11, Gemini Project Office directed McDonnell to determine what special
pressure suit
features would be required to allow crew members to take a "
walk in space
" of up to 15 minutes outside the capsule. Manned Spacecraft Center's Life Systems Division proposed to measure seven parameters of crew condition during all Gemini flights. In order of priority these were
blood pressure
, with
electrocardiogram
phonocardiogram
;
electroencephalogram
; respiration,
galvanic skin response
, and
body temperature
. The
bioinstrumentation
required would add 3.5 pounds (1.6 kg) per crewmember, with a total power consumption of about 2 watt-hours (7.2 kJ).
[1]
A postlanding survival kit weighing 24 pounds (11 kg) would be provided for each crew member.
[1]
Pravda
, the official newspaper for the Soviet Communist Party, printed the official response to pleas to prevent the continued tearing down of Moscow's monasteries and churches. The plea had been in an editorial in the magazine
Moskva
about the urban renewal decisions of the Architectural Planning Administration. The editorials were unsigned, but apparently approved by First Secretary Khrushchev. The day before, three of the journalists from
Moskva
were informed that the article was anti-Soviet.
[40]
The Japanese monster film
Mothra
opened in the United States, after having premiered in Japan on July 30, 1961.
[41]
Born:
John Ngugi
, Kenyan athlete and 1988 Olympic gold medalist in the 5000 metre race; in
Nyahururu
[42]
May 11
, 1962 (Friday)
Students at Orange County State College (later
California State University, Fullerton
) staged what was billed as "The First Intercollegiate Elephant Race in Human History", with 15 elephants raced through different events in
Fullerton, California
. Winners in various weight ranges included "Kinney" of Long Beach State College and "Captain Hook" of
Orange Coast College
.
[43]
In accepting the
Sylvanus Thayer Award
, retired General
Douglas MacArthur
delivered his memorable "
Duty, Honor, Country
" speech to West Point cadets. The 82-year-old MacArthur delivered the 30-minute address from memory and without notes, and a recording of the remarks would be released as a record album later.
[44]
Died:
Hans Luther
, 83,
Chancellor of Germany
from 1925 to 1926
May 12
, 1962 (Saturday)
The 1960 and 1962 Philippine postage stamps
The
Philippines
continued to distance itself from its past as an American protectorate, changing its name on postage and coinage to
Pilipinas
.
[45]
James E. Webb
, the new
Administrator of NASA
, found that
Project Gemini
cost estimates had exceeded the original $250,000,000 estimate and almost tripled to $747,000,000. Spacecraft cost rose from $240 to $391 million;
Titan II GLV
rockets from $113 to $162 million;
Atlas-Agena
targets from $88 to $106 million; and supporting development from $29 to $37 million. Estimated operations costs had declined from $59.0 to $47.8 million.
[1]
Nine men on a fishing trip were killed by sharks after their boat sank off the coast of
Newport Beach, California
. Chester McMain of
Norwalk
was taking the
Happy Jack
on its first voyage when it ran into rough weather. Though the men were wearing life jackets, the sharks apparently pulled them underwater. Searchers on the fishing boat
Mardic
located six bodies the next day and found sharks swimming around the group.
[46]
[47]
Archie Moore
gave up his world light heavyweight boxing title to move up to heavyweight. His successor was
Harold Johnson
.
Born:
Emilio Estevez
, American actor, to then-TV actor
Martin Sheen
and
Janet Templeton Sheen
; in
Staten Island
, New York
Died:
Frank Jenks
, 59, American film comedian
May 13
, 1962 (Sunday)
President Radhakrishnan
Vice-President
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
was sworn in as the second
President of India
, succeeding
Rajendra Prasad
.
[48]
He would serve a full four-year term.
[49]
Born:
Paul McDermott
, Australian comedian and television presenter; in
Adelaide
May 14
, 1962 (Monday)
Prince
Juan Carlos of Spain
, grandson of Spain's last monarch up that time,
King Alfonso XIII
, married
Princess Sophie of Greece
, daughter of
King Paul
, at a ceremony in
Athens
.
[50]
The two would become King and Queen when the monarchy was restored in Spain in 1975.
[51]
Died:
Silpa Bhirasri
, 69, Thai sculptor and founder of
Silpakorn University
who had been born in Italy as Corrado Feroci
May 15
, 1962 (Tuesday)
The last execution of an American for
armed robbery
, without homicide, took place in
Huntsville, Texas
as an African-American man, 20-year-old
Herbert Lemuel Bradley
of
Dallas
, was put to death in the electric chair. Bradley, who had shot an elderly grocer six times in the robbery, told reporters before he died, "I have no complaints. A man has to die sometime, but I don't think this has been fair," noting that he shared the prison with convicts serving terms of 5 to 25 years for armed robbery.
[52]
[53]
The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals had upheld the death sentence on February 28, noting that the victim was still in the hospital more than a year after being shot four times in the stomach during a gunfight.
[54]
Born:
Julie Otsuka
, American author; in
Palo Alto, California
Amit Chaudhuri
, Indian author; in Calcutta (now
Kolkata
)
Died:
Michael Dillon
, 47, English physician, who, in 1946, became the first person to undergo female-to-male transsexual
phalloplasty
May 16
, 1962 (Wednesday)
Representatives of McDonnell Aircraft and the Gemini Project Office decided to develop more powerful
retrograde rocket
motors for the Gemini spacecraft. The new motors had three times the thrust level and would permit
retrorocket
aborts at altitudes as low as 72,000 feet (22,000 m) to 75,000 feet (23,000 m). Development of the new motors was expected to cost $1,255,000.
[1]
The first 1,800
United States Marines
dispatched to Southeast Asia, troops of the
3rd Marine Expeditionary Brigade
, arrived at
Bangkok
to guard
Thailand
's border with
Laos
. The Thai government had given permission for 5,000 American troops to stay.
[55]
May 17
, 1962 (Thursday)
African-American civil rights leader
Martin Luther King Jr.
delivered a proposed "
Second Emancipation Proclamation
" to U.S. President Kennedy along with a proposal that Kennedy sign an
executive order
with the proposed title "On Behalf of the Negro Citizenry of the United States of America in commemoration of the Centennial of the Proclamation of Emancipation". Kennedy declined to act on the request "and noticeably avoided all centennial celebrations" of the original
Emancipation Proclamation
(which had been signed by U.S. President
Abraham Lincoln
on September 22,
1862
).
[56]
Thalidomide
was withdrawn from sale in Japan, bringing an end to the worldwide distribution of the morning sickness drug that had caused birth defects. Dainippon Pharmaceutical halted further shipments. About 1,200 "thalidomide babies" were born in Japan.
[57]
Mercury 7 was postponed a second time because of necessary modifications to the altitude-sensing instrumentation in the parachute-deployment system.
[3]
Born:
Craig Ferguson
, Scottish-American comedian best known for hosting his late-night talk show
The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson
; in
Glasgow
Arturo Peniche
, Mexican telenovela actor; in
Mexico City
Died:
E. Franklin Frazier
, 67, American sociologist
May 18
, 1962 (Friday)
British soldiers erected a barbed wire barricade along
Hong Kong
's 12-mile (19 km) border with the
People's Republic of China
. The purpose was to block refugees from fleeing China into Hong Kong. At the time, as many as 4,000 people were attempting to flee Communist China into the British colony.
[58]
The next day, British administrators imposed penalties on any Hong Kong resident attempting to assist a refugee's escape.
[59]
McDonnell subcontracted the parachute landing system for Gemini to Northrop Ventura for $1,829,272. The Gemini Project Office had decided in April on using a system of one 84.2-foot (25.7 m) diameter ring-sail parachute, but now decided to add an 18-foot (5.5 m) ring-sail
drogue parachute
to the system. McDonnell proposed deploying the drogue at 10,000 feet (3,000 m).
[1]
NASA would concur on May 24.
The
Panchen Lama
, leader of the Tibetan people since the nation's conquest by Communist China, presented a 70,000-word petition to visiting Chinese Premier
Zhou Enlai
, pleading for relief for the suffering of Tibetans under Communist rule. Repression of Tibetan Buddhists eased to some extent after the Panchen Lama's bold move.
[60]
Al Oerter
became the first person to throw the
discus
more than 200 feet (61 m), setting a mark of 61.10 m (200'5") at Los Angeles.
[61]
Born:
Sandra
(stage name for Sandra Ann Lauer), German pop singer who achieved international fame in the 1980s and 1990s; in
Saarbrücken
,
West Germany
[62]
Karel Roden
, Czech actor; in
České Budějovice
May 19
, 1962 (Saturday)
May 19, 1962: Marilyn Monroe sings to President Kennedy
Marilyn Monroe
made her last significant public appearance, singing "
Happy Birthday, Mr. President
" at a birthday party for President
John F. Kennedy
at
Madison Square Garden
. The event was part of a fundraiser to pay off the Democratic Party's four million-dollar debt remaining from Kennedy's 1960 presidential campaign.
[63]
Monroe was stitched into a $12,000 dress "made of nothing but beads" and wore nothing underneath as she appeared at the request of
Peter Lawford
; President Kennedy thanked her afterward, joking, "I can now retire from politics after having had 'Happy Birthday' sung to me in such a sweet, wholesome way."
[64]
Mercury 7 was postponed a third time because of irregularities in the temperature control device on a heater in the Atlas flight control system.
[3]
Died:
Gabriele Münter
, 85, German expressionist painter
May 20
, 1962 (Sunday)
The
Conseil national de la Résistance
, a terrorist organization with a goal of assassinating France's president
Charles de Gaulle
, was founded in Rome by former French Army Lieutenant Colonel
Antoine Argoud
, who had escaped arrest for his membership in the rebel
Organisation armée secrète
that sought to stop France from granting independence to Algeria.
The first specifically built
coronary care unit
in the world opened at the Bethany Hospital in
Kansas City, Missouri
, under the planning of cardiologist Dr. Hughes Day. Other CCUs followed in Toronto, Sydney, New York and Philadelphia, and by 1970, most major hospitals had units designed to treat heart attacks.
[65]
The
1962 Dutch Grand Prix
at Circuit Park Zandvoort opened the Formula One Championship season. It was won by
Graham Hill
. The non-championship
1962 Naples Grand Prix
took place on the same day at the Posillipo Circuit, and was won by
Willy Mairesse
.
Born:
Aleksandr Dedyushko
, Belarusian television actor; in Volkovysk, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union (now
Vawkavysk
,
Belarus
) (died in car accident, 2007)
Christiane F.
(Vera Christiane Felscherinow), German heroin addict who wrote a memoir of her drug abuse; in
Hamburg
May 21
, 1962 (Monday)
McDonnell awarded an $8 million subcontract to
Electro-Mechanical Research, Inc.
for the
data transmission
system for the Gemini spacecraft.
[1]
Another contract assigned $2,609,000 to convert
pad 19
at Cape Canaveral for Gemini flights. Construction began in
September 1962
and would be completed by October 17, 1963.
[1]
In Baltimore, federal district judge
Roszel C. Thomsen
dismissed the antitrust lawsuit by the
American Football League
against the
National Football League
. The suit arose from the NFL's action of placing franchises in Dallas and Minneapolis after the AFL had been founded with teams there.
[66]
Egypt's President
Gamel Abdel Nasser
unveiled his "National Charter of the Arab Socialist Union", proclaiming that the "Arab Revolution" would win its "battle of destiny" by "enlightened thought", "free movement" and "clear perception" of the revolution's objectives.
[67]
Soviet leader
Nikita Khrushchev
accepted the recommendation from his Defense Council to place nuclear missiles in
Cuba
, an act which would lead to the
Cuban Missile Crisis
and the threat of a nuclear war between the U.S. and the USSR in October.
[68]
Born:
Tina Landau
, American playwright and theatre director; in
New York City
Hege Storhaug
, Norwegian journalist and activist; in
Arendal
May 22
, 1962 (Tuesday)
All 45 people on board
Continental Airlines Flight 11
were killed when the Boeing 707 was destroyed by dynamite while at an altitude of 39,000 feet (12,000 m).
[69]
The airliner was flying from Chicago to Kansas City when the explosion occurred in the rear lavatory while the jet was over
Centerville, Iowa
near the border between the U.S. states of Iowa and Missouri. The fuselage came down 19 miles (31 km) from Centerville on a farm near
Unionville, Missouri
.
[70]
Contact was lost at 9:15 p.m. and the plane had disappeared from radar at 9:40 after leaving behind a 60-mile (97 km) line of debris, including a briefcase with the initials "T.G.D."; Thomas G. Doty, one of the passengers, had been on his way to Kansas City to face criminal charges for armed robbery. He had taken out a $300,000 life insurance policy payable to his wife and had bought sticks of dynamite at a hardware store before carrying out the murder-suicide.
[71]
[72]
American composer
Richard Rodgers
became the first "
EGOT
" (the winner of a
Emmy
,
Grammy
,
Oscar
, and
Tony
for television, recorded music, film and stage, respectively) when he received the
Emmy Award
for Outstanding Original Music for Television, as composer of music for the ABC television show
Winston Churchill: The Valiant Years
. He had won an Oscar in
1945
for Best Original Song ("
It Might as Well Be Spring
"), his first Tony Award in
1950
(
South Pacific
), and his first Grammy Award in
1961
(
The Sound of Music
).
[73]
Born:
Brian Pillman
, American football player and professional Wrestler who worked for
WCW
and the WWF (now
WWE
); in
Cincinnati
(died from heart disease, 1997)
John Sarbanes
, American politician and U.S. Representative for Maryland’s 3rd district since 2007, son of longtime Congressman and Senator
Paul Sarbanes
; in
Baltimore
[74]
May 23
, 1962 (Wednesday)
Representatives from
Avco Manufacturing Corporation
made a presentation to MSC on a proposal for an orbiting space station, with a primary purpose of determining the effects of zero-g on the crew's ability to stand reentry. Avco's proposed station design comprised three separate tubes about 3 metres (9.8 ft) in diameter and 6 metres (20 ft) long, launched separately aboard
Titan IIs
and joined in a triangular shape in orbit. A standard Gemini spacecraft was to serve as ferry vehicle.
[39]
The first successful
reattachment
(replantation) of a severed limb was accomplished by Dr. Ronald A. Malt at
Massachusetts General Hospital
in Boston. Everett Knowles, a 12-year-old boy, had had his right arm severed at the shoulder by a freight train. A year after the limb was saved, Everett could move all five fingers and bend his wrist, and by 1965, he was again playing baseball and tennis.
[75]
[76]
Former French Army General
Raoul Salan
, founder of the French terrorist
Organisation armée secrète
, was sentenced to life imprisonment for treason, after initially being given a death sentence
in absentia
. General Salan would be pardoned by President Charles de Gaulle on June 15, 1968, after more than six years' incarceration at the prison in
Tulle
.
[77]
U.S. President Kennedy signed a
Presidential Directive
waiving the quota against accepting immigrants from China. Since 1943, the quota for Chinese immigrants had been only 105 per year. Within three years, President Lyndon Johnson would put the quota for Asian nations at the same level as that for European nations.
[78]
Drilling for the first
subway
in
Montreal
commenced at 8:00 a.m., as a crew began to bore a 1.2-mile (1.9 km) long tunnel under Berri Street, to run between Metropolitan Boulevard and Jean Talon Street.
[79]
Ernst Krenek
's opera
What Price Confidence?
premièred at Saarbrücken, seventeen years after its composition.
Ames Research Center
began the first
wind tunnel
test of the Paraglider Development Program.
[1]
Died:
Rubén Jaramillo
, 61, Mexican activist for land reform, along with his wife and three of his four children, after being arrested by Mexican soldiers at his home in
Xochicalco
.
[80]
May 24
, 1962 (Thursday)
Carpenter
Scott Carpenter
orbited the Earth three times in the
Aurora 7
space capsule, then splashed down 250 miles (400 km) off course in the
Atlantic Ocean
. He was located and rescued by the aircraft carrier
USS
Intrepid
(CV-11)
. The
Mercury 7
mission lifted off from Cape Canaveral at 7:45 a.m. (1245 UTC) local time, went around the Earth three times, then began its return at 1:30 p.m. (1830 UTC). Instead of being tilted 34° toward the horizon, the capsule was inclined at 25° and overshot its mark, landing at 1:41 p.m.
[3]
[81]
The mission achieved all objectives. Only one critical component malfunction occurred, a random failure of the pitch horizon scanner, which provided a reference point to the attitude gyroscopes. To compensate, the spacecraft was allowed to drift for 77 additional minutes and the flight lasted 4 hours and 56 minutes. Splashdown happened 125 miles (201 km) northeast of
Puerto Rico
. The overshoot was traced to a 25° yaw error when the retrograde rockets were fired, about three seconds late, which caused 20 miles (32 km) of the overshoot. Carpenter, who had deployed a rubber raft, floated for 2 hours and 59 minutes before being rescued by helicopter.
[3]
The string quartet piece
ST/10=1, 080262
, the first classical music composed using a computer, was premiered. Greek composer
Iannis Xenakis
had created the work with the aid of an
IBM 7090
computer.
[82]
The U.S. Embassy in Moscow renewed the passport of
Lee Harvey Oswald
and approved the entry of his wife and daughter into the United States.
[34]
North American Aviation
began testing the emergency parachute system for the Gemini flight test vehicle.
[1]
May 25
, 1962 (Friday)
The new
Coventry Cathedral
, also known as St Michael's Cathedral, was consecrated in
Coventry
,
West Midlands
, for the
Church of England
, more than 20 years after the November 14, 1940 destruction of the 500-year-old Cathedral by German Luftwaffe bombers during World War II. The new cathedral, symbolic of forgiveness and rebirth, stands next to the ruins of the old one.
[83]
A group of students at
Haigazian University
in
Beirut
launched the first rocket in what would become the
Lebanese space program
, sending the
HCRS-7 Cedar rocket
to an altitude of 11,500 metres (37,700 ft) under the supervision and protection of the
Lebanese Army
, which arranged for the clearing of airspace around the launch area.
[84]
Died:
David Ogle
, 40, English automobile designer who had founded his own sports car company, was killed while driving his Ogle Mini GT sports to a race circuit where he was going to demonstrate the vehicle. He was on the A1 highway at
Digswell
,
Hertfordshire
and traveling at 85 miles per hour (137 km/h) when he collided with a van and the car burst into flame.
[85]
[86]
Simone Tanner Chaumet
, 45, French humanitarian honored for her role in saving hundreds of Jewish children in France during World War II, and later a peace activist in Algeria, was murdered in the
Algiers
suburb of
Bouzaréah
.
May 26
, 1962 (Saturday)
Acker Bilk
's "
Stranger On The Shore
" became the first British recording to reach number one in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, setting a background for the "
British Invasion
" that would follow with
The Tornados
later in the year, and with
The Beatles
,
Peter and Gordon
,
The Animals
and
Manfred Mann
with nine #1 hits between them in 1964.
Born:
Anthony Joyner
, American serial killer and rapist convicted for at least six homicides (and suspected in 12 others) of elderly women at a nursing home where he was employed; in
Philadelphia
Bobcat Goldthwait
(stage name for Robert Francis Goldwait), American comedian on film and TV; in
Syracuse, New York
May 27
, 1962 (Sunday)
Pursuant to the township council resolution of May 7, the contents of the new landfill in
Centralia, Pennsylvania
, a town with 1,435 residents, were burned as part of a cleanup on the day before Memorial Day. As had been done in the past, the volunteer fire department then extinguished the blaze. The new landfill, however, had been placed above an abandoned coal mine and the fire
continued to burn underground
, ultimately reducing Centralia to a
ghost town
.
[29]
Born:
Scott Perry
, American politician and retired
U.S. Army National Guard
brigadier general
who is the
U.S. representative
for
Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district
; in
San Diego
[87]
Ravi Shastri
, Indian cricketer who was captain of the Indian national team in the 1980s and later the team's coach; in Bombay (now
Mumbai
)
Died:
Egon Petri
, 81, Dutch pianist
May 28
, 1962 (Monday)
Flight and ground tests disclosed that retrorocket heater blankets were unnecessary to the Mercury spacecraft, and this item was removed.
[3]
The Manned Spacecraft Center shipped Mercury mission survival kits to the
U.S. Navy
and to the
U.S. Air Force
for its
X-20 Dyna Soar
development program.
[3]
The Soviet Union launched the
Kosmos 5
scientific research and technology demonstration satellite, becoming the last satellite in the Kosmos programme to reach orbit successfully.
Born:
Brandon Cruz
, American TV actor and punk rock musician who co-starred as a child with Bill Bixby in
The Courtship of Eddie's Father
, and was lead vocalist as an adult for
Dead Kennedys
; in
Bakersfield, California
Died:
Assar Gabrielsson
, 70, Swedish industrialist and co-founder of the
Volvo
automobile company
May 29
, 1962 (Tuesday)
Negotiations began between the European French Algerian paramilitary rebels of the OAS (
Organisation armée secrète
), and the Arab Algerian independence fighters of the (FLN)
Front de libération nationale
with a goal toward reaching a ceasefire between the two armies in the
Algerian War
. Fighting would finally cease on June 17, 1962, and Algeria would become an independent nation, ruled by its Arab Algerian majority population, on July 5.
Representatives of McDonnell, Weber Aircraft, the Gemini Project Office, and the U.S. Navy's China Lake
Naval Ordnance Test Station
concluded plans for development testing of the Gemini spacecraft ejection seat.
[1]
In a runoff in the primary election for the Democratic Party nominee for Governor of Alabama, segregationist and circuit judge
George C. Wallace
defeated state senator
Ryan DeGraffenried, Sr.
.
[88]
[89]
Stock prices fell worldwide in the largest one-day decline
since the
Great Depression
. Heavy sales were registered in New York, London, Tokyo, Paris, Frankfurt and Zurich.
[90]
[91]
Four
window cleaners
were killed when a scaffold fell from the 19th floor of the
Equitable Building
in
Manhattan
.
[92]
[93]
[94]
May 30
, 1962 (Wednesday)
The
1962 FIFA World Cup
began in
Chile
with 16 nations qualifying for the competition to reach the final, with four groups of four teams each. On the first day, with games all starting at 3:00 in the afternoon, Uruguay beat Colombia 2—1 (Group 1) at
Arica
; Chile beat Switzerland 3—1 (Group 2) at
Santiago
; Brazil beat Mexico 2—0 (Group 3) at Viña del Mar; and Argentina beat Bulgaria 1—0 (Group 4) at
Rancagua
.
On the same day, in the
Philippines
, 30 people were killed and 10 injured when a bus, carrying students on a holiday outing, fell off of a wooden bridge and was swept away by the Alalum Falls near the town of
Sumilao
in the Bukidnon province on southern Mindanao.
[95]
Seventy people were killed in the deadliest road accident up to that time, when an overloaded
Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation
bus in
India
crashed through a bridge railing near
Kapadvanj
and sank in the
Mahi River
. Only 18 people survived.
[96]
[97]
Benjamin Britten
's
War Requiem
was performed for the first time, in the arts festival held to celebrate the reconsecration of
Coventry Cathedral
.
Born:
Kevin Eastman
, American comic book artist, and writer best known for co-creating the
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
; in
Portland, Maine
[98]
Timo Soini
, 31st
Deputy Prime Minister of Finland
from 2015 to 2017 and
Foreign Affairs Minister
from 2015 to 2019; in
Rauma
Died:
Pierre Gilliard
, 85, Swiss academic, former tutor to the Russian royal family
May 31
, 1962 (Thursday)
The hanging of
Adolf Eichmann
, 56, German
Nazi
and
SS
-
Obersturmbannführer
(
Lieutenant Colonel
) and one of the major organizers of the
Holocaust
, was carried out at 11:58 p.m. local time "on an improvised scaffold in a third story storeroom" at the
Ayalon Prison
in
Ramla
, near
Tel Aviv
. Eichmann, who had been captured by agents of Israel's
Mossad
spy agency on March 21, 1960, and then taken from Argentina to Israel for his role in the extermination of 6,000,000 European Jews, would become the first person to be legally executed in the history of modern Israel. The body was cremated soon afterward and Eichmann's ashes scattered over the Mediterranean Sea.
[99]
The
Northern Ireland general election
produced a large majority for the
Ulster Unionist Party
, which won 34 out of 51 seats. The
Nationalist Party
gained 2 seats to give it a total of nine.
A speeding freight train killed 62 people who were at the back of a passenger train near
Voghera
in Italy. Most of the dead were vacationers on their way to the French Riviera.
[100]
Born:
Dina Boluarte
, Peruvian politician, civil servant, and lawyer currently serving as the 64th
President of Peru
since 2022; in
Chalhuanca
[101]
Sebastian Koch
, German film actor (
The Lives of Others
,
Bridge of Spies
); in
Karlsruhe
, West Germany
Yōko Sōmi
, Japanese voice actress; in
Niigata Prefecture
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^
"Use of Powered Scaffolds for Window Cleaning and Building Maintenance Suspended".
The Building Industry
. 26–27. Building Industry Employers of New York State: 24. 1962.
^
Higginbotham, Adam
(February 4, 2013).
"Life at the Top"
.
The New Yorker
. Retrieved
March 17,
2015
.
^
"Philippine Bus Crash Kills 30",
Santa Rosa (CA) Press-Democrat
, May 31, 1962, p1
^
"Bus Crash In India Kills 69 Out of 90",
El Paso (TX) Herald-Post
, May 31, 1962, p5
^
"Gujarat Bus Mishap Toll 70",
Indian Express
, June 1, 1962, p7
^
Mcdermott, Deborah (December 8, 2012).
"
'Ninja Turtles' artist shares 'mind-blowing' story"
.
Seacoast Online
. Archived from
the original
on December 13, 2012
. Retrieved
February 24,
2013
.
^
"Eichmann Hanged; Stays Defiant to End".
Milwaukee Journal
. June 1, 1962. p. 1.
^
"Italian Rail Crash Kills 62 Vacationers".
Miami News
. May 31, 1962. p. 1.
^
"Peru's President Pedro Castillo replaced by Dina Boluarte after impeachment"
.
BBC News
. 7 December 2022.
Archived
from the original on 8 December 2022
. Retrieved
8 December
2022
.
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