UC-91号潜艇

历史
德意志帝国
船名 UC-91号
下订日 1917年6月27日
建造方 汉堡布洛姆与福斯船厂[1]
船廠編號 325
下水日期 1918年1月19日
入役日期 1918年7月31日
结局 1919年2月10日在投降途中沉没
技术数据
船級 UC级潜艇
船型 UC-III型布雷潜艇
排水量
  • 水上:491吨
  • 水下:571吨
船長
型宽
  • 5.54米(舷宽
  • 3.65米(耐压壳体)
吃水 3.77米
動力輸出
  • 1,200匹马力(柴油机)
  • 1,540匹马力(电动机)
動力來源
船速
  • 水面:11.5节
  • 水下:6.6节
續航力
  • 水面:9,850海里以7节
  • 水下:40海里以4.5节
潛航深度 75米
乘員 3名军官、29名水兵
武器裝備
注释 潜没时间15秒
服役记录
指挥官
  • 海军上尉贝恩哈德·格克[2]
  • 1918年7月31日-9月5日

陛下之UC-91号艇(德語:SM UC 91[註 1])是德意志帝国海军第一次世界大战期间建造的其中一艘UC-III型布雷潜艇或称U艇。它由汉堡布洛姆与福斯船厂承建,于1918年1月19日新船下水,至同年7月31日交付使用英语Ship commissioning。其全长56.51米,水面及水下排水量分别为491吨和571吨,艇载武器则包括三具鱼雷发射管、六具水雷滑射槽以及一门105毫米45倍径英语10.5 cm SK L/45 naval gun甲板炮英语Deck gun。由于入役时已临近战争结束,UC-91号未及参与任何实战,却于1918年9月5日在波罗的海与一艘德国商船意外相撞后沉没。打捞上岸后,根据对德停战协定的要求,该艇应被引渡至英国哈维奇正式投降。然而在移交途中,UC-91号于1919年2月10日在北海再次沉没。

设计

1917年夏天,德意志帝国海军发现了UC-II型潜艇中的各种缺陷,需要进行纠正。船员们抱怨舱内的通风不佳和在舰桥上相当潮湿——这在寒冷的季节尤为令人难受。另一方面,这款潜艇的潜航性能也不尽如人意。为此,应当开发另一款布雷潜艇来解决这些问题,并能响应海军部对更强大火炮武器的渴望。基于UB-III型的成功经验,潜艇监察局(Inspektion des U-Bootwesens)拿出了代号为41a号工程的UC-III型潜艇设计方案。与前型相比,新艇的水面排水量增至470吨,增加了一具外置式鱼雷发射管,改用更大口径的105毫米甲板炮的并调高炮位,以及通过调整注水和排水管径使潜航时间显著缩短。然而,由于布雷装置的特殊要求,UC-III型艇的外形很难按照UB-III型艇进行优化,因此其航速略有下降。[3]

UC-91号是16艘完成交付的UC-III型方案的其中一艘。其全长56.51米,舷宽5.54米。艇体采用双壳体德语Zweihüllenboot结构,水面及水下排水量分别为491吨和571吨,浮起时的吃水深度为3.77米。艇只采用两台猛狮六缸四冲程600匹公制馬力(440千瓦特柴油机用于水面运行,以及两台770匹公制馬力(570千瓦特)的西门子-舒克特英语Siemens-Schuckert电动发电机用于水下航行;水面最高航速11.5(21.3公里每小時),水下6.6節(12.2公里每小時);能够在水面以7節(13公里每小時)航速续航9,850海里(18,240公里),或以4.5節(8.3公里每小時)连续在水下航行40海里(74公里)而无需充电。其潜没需时约为15秒,能够在75米的深度下运作。[4]

在武器配置方面,UC-91号设有六具管径为1,000毫米的布雷竖井,但由于艇艏形态作了伸展和扁平化改动,UC200型水雷的容纳能力有所下降,仅为14枚。司令塔后部的艇艛布置了一门105毫米45倍径英语10.5 cm SK L/45 naval gun艇用高射炮德语Utof作为甲板炮英语Deck gun,并配备150发弹药。此外,UC-91号还装备有三具500毫米鱼雷发射管,其中两具外置位于舯部的两边舷侧用于朝前射击,一具内置在艇艉,合共配备7枚鱼雷。其标准船员编制英语Ship's company为3名军官及29名水兵。[4]

历史

UC-91号是汉堡布洛姆与福斯船厂承建的第一批次二号艇,由德意志帝国海军潜艇监察局于1917年6月27日订购,建造编号为325。它于1918年1月19日下水,至同年7月31日在首度担任艇长的海军上尉贝恩哈德·格克的指挥下交付使用英语Ship commissioning[5]在随后的海试过程中,该艇于1918年9月5日在波罗的海基尔湾54°21′N 10°10′E / 54.350°N 10.167°E / 54.350; 10.167)与德国商船亚历山德拉·沃尔曼号(Alexandra Woermann)意外相撞并沉没,造成艇内16名官兵丧生。次日,它被救助拖船英语Salvage tug火神号英语SMS Vulkan打捞上岸并进行修复,但由于入役时间较迟,该艇在战争结束前未及编入任何部队,亦无参与实战行动。[5]战后,根据对德停战协定的要求,UC-91号于1919年2月10日被引渡至英国哈维奇正式向协约国投降。然而在移交途中,该艇在北海54°15′N 3°56′E / 54.250°N 3.933°E / 54.250; 3.933处再度沉没,无人在事件中伤亡。[6]

注释

  1. ^ SM表示“Seiner Majestät”,即“陛下之(潜艇)”。

脚注

  1. ^ Tarrant,第174頁.
  2. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. WWI U-boat commanders: Bernhard Gerke. German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. [2015-01-20]. 
  3. ^ 陈进,第239–240頁.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Gröner,第61頁.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Helgason, Guðmundur. WWI U-boats: UC 91. German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. [2009-02-23]. 
  6. ^ Dodson & Cant,第132頁.

参考资料

  • Tarrant, V. E. The U-Boat Offensive: 1914–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0-87021-764-7. OCLC 20338385. 
  • 陈进 等 (编). 《威廉皇帝的海狼:第一次世界大战德国潜艇战》. 北京: 机械工业出版社. 2018. ISBN 978-7-111-58947-1. 
  • Gröner, Erich. Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945. Band 3: U-Boote, Hilfskreuzer, Minenschiffe, Netzleger, Sperrbrecher. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe. 1985. ISBN 3-7637-4802-4. 
  • Dodson, Aidan; Cant, Serena. Spoils of War: the fate of enemy fleets after the two World Wars. Barnsley: Seaforth. 2020. ISBN 978-1-5267-4198-1. 

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