矮暴龍屬

矮暴龙属
化石时期：白堊紀晚期,68.5–66 Ma
▼
正模標本的頭骨
矮暴龍的重建圖
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目： 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目： 蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目： 獸腳亞目 Theropoda
科： †暴龍科 Tyrannosauridae
亚科： †暴龍亞科 Tyrannosaurinae
属： †矮暴龙属 Nanotyrannus
Bakker, Currie & Williams, 1988
模式種
蘭斯矮暴龍
Nanotyrannus lancensis
(Gilmore, 1946)
異名
  • 兰斯蛇髮女怪龍
    Gorgosaurus lancensis
    Gilmore, 1946
  • 兰斯恐齿龙
    Deinodon lancensis
    Kuhn, 1965
  • 兰斯后弯齿龙
    Aublysodon lancensis
    Charig, 1967
  • 兰斯艾伯塔龙
    Albertosaurus lancensis
    Russell, 1970
  • 兰斯暴龙？
    Tyrannosaurus lancensis
    (Gilmore, 1946)
  • 莫氏暗脈龍？
    Stygivenator molnari
    Olshevsky, 1995

矮暴龍屬（屬名：Nanotyrannus，意為「小型暴君」）又稱小暴龍或侏儒暴龍，是種暴龍科恐龍，可能是暴龍的未成年體。矮暴龍的化石為一個小型頭顱骨（編號CMN 7541），是在1942年由查爾斯·懷特尼·吉爾摩爾（Charles W. Gilmore）發現，並在1946年被敘述、命名為蘭斯蛇髮女怪龍（Gorgosaurus lancensis）；蛇髮女怪龍現在可能為艾伯塔龍的一種[1]。在1988年，該標本由羅伯特·巴克（Robert T. Bakker）與他的同事重新敘述。初步的研究顯示這個頭顱骨已經癒合，顯示該標本來自於一個成年個體。巴克與他的同事將這頭顱骨歸類於一個新屬，屬名為矮暴龍，指的是頭顱骨的小尺寸[2]。然而，後來的研究發現一些爭議，有些古生物學家不再認為矮暴龍是個有效屬；因為這些化石與暴龍處於相同時代，許多科學家認為該化石來自於一個未成年的暴龍個體，尤其是2001年發現了一個名為「珍」的矮暴龍標本之後。矮暴龍最初的標本被估計身長約5.2公尺。

在2001年，發現了一個更完整的未成年暴龍類化石，這個名為「珍」的標本，與矮暴龍的最初標本屬於同一種動物。在2005年，一個關於矮暴龍有效性的會議談論到位於伯比自然歷史博物館的「珍」標本。數個古生物學家，包含菲力·柯爾（Phil Currie）與Donald M. Henderson認為這個標本的發現，確認矮暴龍是未成年的暴龍個體，或是暴龍的相關種[3][4]。另一方面，彼得·賴森（Peter Larson）繼續支持矮暴龍為一個獨立的屬[5]。「珍」標本的正確科學研究，正由巴克、賴森、以及柯爾等人準備公佈中，這研究將有助於決定矮暴龍是個有效屬，還是未成年的暴龍，或者是暴龍類中某個已承認屬的新種[6]。

巴克宣稱他相信矮暴龍以小群體方式獵食[7]。在草食性恐龍的骨頭上曾發現來自於多隻矮暴龍的牙齒[7]。


參考資料

  1. ^ Gilmore. A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 1946, 106: 1–19. 
  2. ^ Bakker, Williams, and Currie. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria. 1988, 1: 1–30. 
  3. ^ Currie, Henderson, Horner and Williams. On tyrannosaur teeth, tooth positions and the taxonomic status of Nanotyrannus lancensis. The origin, systematics, and paleobiology of Tyrannosauridae. a symposium hosted jointly by Burpee Museum of Natural History and Northern Illinois University. 2005. 
  4. ^ Henderson. Nano No More: The death of the pygmy tyrant. The origin, systematics, and paleobiology of Tyrannosauridae. a symposium hosted jointly by Burpee Museum of Natural History and Northern Illinois University. 2005. 
  5. ^ Larson. A case for Nanotyrannus. The origin, systematics, and paleobiology of Tyrannosauridae. a symposium hosted jointly by Burpee Museum of Natural History and Northern Illinois University. 2005. 
  6. ^ Mortimer, M. Tyrannosauroidea. The Theropod Database. 2004 [2007-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-20）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Nordquist, Karen. Karen's Komments. Earth Science Club of Northern Illinois. 2004 [2007-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-25）. 

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