苏联的第一个聚变核弹设计由安德烈·萨哈罗夫和维塔利·金茨堡在1949年完成,代号为Sloika。代号名字来源于俄罗斯的一种层状蛋糕。这枚核弹并未采用泰勒-乌拉姆设计方案,而是使用了分层的可裂变物质和作为聚变燃料的氘化锂。这个方案后来称为萨哈罗夫第一方案。尽管从技术角度来说爆炸过程中已经发生了核聚变,但是这种设计无法像分级核弹那样继续增加威力。围绕着裂变弹芯的聚变燃料层仅仅能将裂变能量放大若干倍,而现代的泰勒-乌拉姆设计可以放大到30倍。另外,聚变阶段需要通过传统炸药来与裂变核心一起内爆,因此需要非常多的化学炸药。1953年,采用了Sloika设计的核弹进行了核试验,试验代号为 Joe 4,实验当量达到了四十万吨,但是仅有15%-20%的能量来自于聚变。设计人员证明Sloika设计无法使核弹达到百万吨当量。
^From National Public RadioTalk of the Nation, November 8, 2005, Siegfried Hecker of Los Alamos, "the hydrogen bomb – that is, a two-stage thermonuclear device, as we referred to it – is indeed the principal part of the US arsenal, as it is of the Russian arsenal."
Chuck Hansen, The Swords of Armageddon: U.S. nuclear weapons development since 1945 (Sunnyvale, CA: Chukelea Publications, 1995). [2] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Dalton E. G. Barroso, The physics of nuclear explosives, in Portuguese. (São Paulo, Brazil: Editora Livraria da Física, 2009). ISBN 978-85-7861-016-6
历史
DeGroot, Gerard, "The Bomb: A History of Hell on Earth", London: Pimlico, 2005. ISBN 0-7126-7748-8
Peter Galison and Barton Bernstein, "In any light: Scientists and the decision to build the Superbomb, 1942-1954" Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences Vol. 19, No. 2 (1989): 267-347.
German A. Goncharov, "American and Soviet H-bomb development programmes: historical background" (trans. A.V. Malyavkin), Physics—Uspekhi Vol. 39, No. 10 (1996): 1033-1044. Available online (PDF) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
David Holloway, Stalin and the bomb: The Soviet Union and atomic energy, 1939-1956 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994). ISBN 0-300-06056-4
S.S. Schweber, In the shadow of the bomb: Bethe, Oppenheimer, and the moral responsibility of the scientist (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000). ISBN 0-691-04989-0
Gary Stix, "Infamy and honor at the Atomic Café: Edward Teller has no regrets about his contentious career", Scientific American (October 1999): 42-43.
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