國際核事件分級表

提示：此条目页的主题不是核能安全。
國際核能事件分級表

國際核能事件分級表（英語：International Nuclear Event Scale, INES）是根據核電廠事故對安全的影響作為分類，使傳媒和公眾更易了解。由國際原子能總署（IAEA）和經濟合作與發展組織（OECD）的核能機構（NEA）設計，國際原子能總署監察。

分級表旨在成为对数的分級，类似于用于描述地震的相对大小的矩震級。每增加一级代表事故比前一级的事故更严重约10倍。相比其中事件强度可以定量评估的地震，人为灾难的严重程度的水平，如核事故，更多的是受制于解释。因为解释的难度，在事件发生后很久之后，事故的INES等级才被指定。因此，分級表用来帮助灾区援助部署的能力是非常有限的。

分級表

分類 分級 影響描述 著名事件
事故
7 特大事故 目前為止，共發生過兩件7級事故：
6 嚴重事故 目前為止，共發生過一件6級事故：
5 具有場外風險事故 溫斯喬火災（1957年發生於英國坎伯蘭）
戈亞尼亞事故（1987年發生於巴西戈亞斯）
三哩岛核泄漏事故（1979年3月29日發生於美國賓州）
4 局部範圍風險事故 東海村JCO臨界事故（1999年9月30日發生於日本茨城縣）
事件 3 嚴重 塞拉菲爾德核電廠事件（1955年 - 1979年發生於英國）
福島第二核電廠：第一、二、四號機組（2011年3月11發生於日本福島縣）
2 偶發 臺灣核三電廠停電事故（2001年3月18日發生於台灣屏東縣恆春鎮）[2]
1 異常 格拉沃利訥核電廠事件（2009年發生於法國諾爾省格拉沃利讷）
大亚湾核电站事件（2010年10月23日发生于中华人民共和国广东省）[3]
偏差現象 0 偏差 科斯克核電廠事件（2008年發生於斯洛維尼亞）
台山核電廠0級運行事件（2021年4月5日發生於中華人民共和國廣東省）

基本架構準則

事故

分級 描述 放射性物質釋放程度 核反應堆堆芯/輻射屏障損壞程度
7 大量核污染泄漏到工廠以外，造成巨大健康和環境影響 大量 熔毀
6 一部分核污染泄漏到工廠外，需要立即采取措施來挽救各種損失 顯著 熔毀
5 放射性物質有限釋放，此時核反應爐心和輻射屏障出現嚴重損壞 有限 嚴重
4 放射性物質小量釋放，公眾遭受相當于規定限值的輻射影響，
同時，核反應堆堆芯和輻射屏障出現顯著損壞，并可能出現工作人員遭受致命輻射的情況		 小量 顯著

事件

分級 污染擴散程度 工作人員污染程度 評斷標準
3 嚴重 嚴重 沒有剩餘的安全保護層
2 顯著 過量 安全設備顯著失效
1 特定範圍 高於平均水準 超出許可運行範圍

參見

參考來源

  1. ^ 事故評価 最悪のレベル７へ. [2011-04-13]. （原始内容存档于2011-04-13）. 
  2. ^ 表 5 國內核電廠歷年發生事故 (PDF). : 9. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24）. 
  3. ^ 大亚湾核电站披露辐射泄漏事故. [2011-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-02）. 

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