傷齒龍起初被認為是種掠食動物,主要以較小型動物為食,例如無脊椎動物或哺乳類。這個論點是根據傷齒龍的手盜龍類特徵(例如:腳部的鎌刀狀趾爪、類似鳥類的可抓握手臂),以及好的深度知覺。然而,有些證據顯示傷齒龍可能是雜食性或植食性動物。頜部有者寬廣、U形的聯合線,類似鬣蜥;鬣蜥是種已適應植食性的蜥蜴。另外,傷齒龍的牙齒呈葉狀,有者大型鋸齒狀邊緣,如同植食性恐龍,而且牙齒短而寬廣,側邊有磨損面。在1998年,湯瑪斯·霍爾茲(Thomas R. Holtz)認為傷齒龍的可抓握手臂、較大型腦部、深度知覺,跟雜食性/植食性的靈長類、雜食性的浣熊具有共同的特性。
在2002年,Varriccho等人敘述了八個在蒙大拿州的雙麥迪遜組發現的傷齒龍蛋巢。這些蛋巢目前存放在落磯山博物館。第一個蛋巢是由傑克·霍納(Jack Horner)在1983年發現。霍納在隔年發現相關的骨頭,並在蛋巢附近發現了稜齒龍類奔山龍的部分骨骸,霍納因此將這些蛋敘述為奔山龍的蛋[4]。在1996年,霍納與大衛·威顯穆沛(David B. Weishampel)重新檢驗蛋中的胚胎,認為這些蛋屬於傷齒龍,而非奔山龍[5]。
少數古生物學家,例如大衛·諾曼(David Norman)與克里斯提亞諾·達魯·沙索(Cristiano dal Sasso)認為這個演化途徑是可能的;而其他科學家,例如格里高利·保羅(Gregory S. Paul)與湯瑪斯·荷茲(Thomas R. Holtz Jr.),則認為擁有大型腦部、高智能的傷齒龍科恐龍將維持者標準的獸腳類身體,而非擁有類似人類外貌。德恩·奈許(Darren Naish)則提出地犀鳥較有可能成為類似人類的動物[10][11]。
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