Crise no Irã de 1946

Crise do Irã de 1946
Conflito curdo-iraniano e Guerra Fria
Data Novembro de 1945-15 de Dezembro de 1946
Local Irã, República de Mahabad, República Popular do Azerbaijão
Desfecho Vitória iraniana
Beligerantes
Irã Irã República de Mahabad[1]

República Popular do Azerbaijão
Apoiados por:

 União Soviética
Comandantes
Irã Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Irã Ali Razmara[1]
Qazi Muhammad (Executado)

Mustafa Barzani[1]
Ahmed Barzani
Ja'far Pishevari
Ahmad Kordary #


 União Soviética Salahuddin Kazimov[1]
Forças
Exército iraniano 12 750 infantaria e cavalaria Peshmerga [1]
  • tribos curdas[1]
Baixas
Centenas de soldados iranianos mortos[1] numerosos peshmerga mortos Total: 2 000 mortos

A Crise do Irã (português brasileiro) ou Irão (português europeu) de 1946, também conhecida como a Crise Irã-Azerbaijão, ocorrida após o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, resultou da recusa da União Soviética em abandonar o território iraniano ocupado apesar das garantias reiteradas.

Em 1941, o Irã havia sido conjuntamente invadido e ocupado pelas potências aliadas do Exército Vermelho Soviético no norte e pelos britânicos no centro e sul; e, o Reza Pahlevi é removido do poder acusado de demasiada simpatia com o Eixo. O Irã foi utilizado como rota de transporte para fornecer suprimentos vitais para a Frente Oriental durante a Guerra.

A partir de agosto de 1941, os Estados Unidos eram uma nação neutra, ainda não haviam entrado como beligerantes na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Portanto, o bloco conhecido como "Aliados" eram principalmente (com a Polônia e a França ocupada pela Alemanha nazista em 1939 e 1940, respectivamente), o Reino Unido e a União Soviética, recentemente formando a aliança depois da invasão alemã dos territórios orientais da União Soviética em junho de 1941. Na sequência da ocupação do Irã, as forças aliadas concordaram em se retirar do Irã dentro de seis meses após a cessação das hostilidades. No entanto, quando esse prazo chegou no início de 1946, os soviéticos sob Josef Stalin permaneceram no Irã e os iranianos locais pró-soviéticos proclamaram um Estado separatista, a República Popular do Azerbaijão.[2]

Muito rapidamente, no entanto, torna-se claro que a União Soviética está à procura de uma desculpa para ignorar seu compromisso. Três motivos ali estavam: a ausência, em sua fronteira sul, de um verniz similar ao que conseguiu impor na Europa Oriental; a vulnerabilidade das jazidas no Cáucaso, onde a URSS, então extrai a maioria de seu abastecimento de petróleo; o esforço secular para o acesso aos “mares quentes”: não se esquecer que a velha Rússia Imperial sempre cobiçou acesso ao portos marítimos que nunca estão presos no gelo.

No final de 1945, além da República Popular do Azerbaijão, a República de Mahabad também veio à existência. Logo, a aliança dos curdos e forças populares do Azerbaijão, apoiados em armas e treinamento por parte da União Soviética, engajaram em combates com as forças iranianas[1], resultando em um total de 2.000 vítimas. A negociação por parte premier iraniano Ahmad Qavam e a pressão diplomática sobre os soviéticos pelos Estados Unidos levaram à retirada soviética. A crise é vista como um dos conflitos do início da crescente Guerra Fria na época.

Ver Também

Referências

  1. a b c d e f g h Michael G. Lortz. (Chapter 1, Introduction). The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga. pp.27-29. [1] Arquivado em 29 de outubro de 2013, no Wayback Machine.
  2. All the Shah's Men, Kinzer, p.65-66
  • André Fontaine, La guerre froide 1917–1991, Editions de la Martinière, 2004, ISBN 2-84675-139-0 (em francês)
  • George Lenczowski, "The Communist Movement in Iran", Middle East Journal, no. 1 (January 1947) pp. 29–45
  • Archie Roosevelt, Jr., "The Kurdish Republic of Mahabad", Middle East Journal, no. 1 (July 1947), pp. 247–69
  • William Linn Westermann: "Kurdish Independence and Russian Expansion", Foreign Affairs, Vol. 24, 1945–1946, pp. 675–686
  • George Lenczowski, Russia and the West in Iran (1949)

Ligações externas

Read other articles:

Llandoverium atau Llandovery (pengucapan: /lænˈdʌvəri/, [ɬan-]), adalah kala pertama dari periode Silur, yang dimulai pada 443.8 juta tahun lalu, hingga 433.4 juta tahun lalu[1]. Dimulainya kala ini ditandai dengan Peristiwa kepunahan Ordovisium-Silur, yang mengarah kepada berkurangya biodiversitas di Bumi pada masa itu. Pembentukan terumbu karang secara luas dimulai pada kala ini, dan berlangsung hingga periode Devon, dimana pada masa itu, air laut menghangat, sehingga membunuh ...

 

Biru muda Planet Uranus     Koordinat warnaTriplet hex#ADD8E6sRGBB    (r, g, b)(173, 216, 230)CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(24.8, 6.1, 0, 9.8)HSV       (h, s, v)(194.7°, 24.8%, 90.2%)SumberColorHexa.com[1]B: Dinormalkan ke [0–255] (bita)H: Dinormalkan ke [0–100] (ratusan) Biru muda merupakan warna biru yang agak putih. Warna ini banyak digunakan sebagai warna cat dalam ruangan dikarenakan sifatnya yang menenangkan.[2][3] Ruj...

 

В статье не хватает ссылок на источники (см. рекомендации по поиску). Информация должна быть проверяема, иначе она может быть удалена. Вы можете отредактировать статью, добавив ссылки на авторитетные источники в виде сносок. (29 сентября 2014) История Грузииსაქართველოს...

British organization This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Design Council – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Design CouncilFounded19 December 1944 (1944-12-19)FounderHugh DaltonRegistration no.272099FocusDesignLocationEagle House, 167 City Road, Lo...

 

2012 FIFA Futsal World Cup qualificationTournament detailsHost country BrazilCityGramadoDates15–22 April 2012Teams10 (from 1 confederation)Venue(s)1 (in 1 host city)Final positionsChampions ArgentinaRunners-up ParaguayThird place BrazilFourth place ColombiaTournament statisticsMatches played27Goals scored185 (6.85 per match)2016 → International football competition The tournament acted as the South American qualifying tournament for the 201...

 

Portuguese politician Sandra PereiraMEPMember of the European Parliamentfor Portugal Personal detailsPolitical partyPortuguese Communist Party Sandra Pereira is a Portuguese Communist Party politician who was elected in 2019 as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) on the Unitary Democratic Coalition list.[1] On 2 March 2022, she was one of 13 MEPs who voted against condemning the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 15 September 2022, she was one of 16 MEPs who voted against...

Monumen lambang Universitas Indonesia di kampus Depok Kampus Universitas Indonesia Depok adalah salah satu kampus dari Universitas Indonesia yang terletak di Kota Depok, Jawa Barat,[1] dibangun pada pertengahan tahun 1980-an untuk mengakomodasi modernisasi universitas. Saat ini, Kampus Depok adalah kampus utama Universitas Indonesia. Sebagian besar fakultas di UI (MIPA, Teknik, Psikologi, Hukum, Ekonomi, Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, Ilmu Komputer, Kesehatan M...

 

Abasement of pride This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Pillory, from The Costume of Great Britain (1805) Part of a series onEmotions Affect Classification In animals Emotional intelligence Mood Regulation Interpersonal Dysregulation Valence Emotions Acceptance Admiration Affection Amusemen...

 

Voce principale: MTV Movie & TV Awards. L'MTV Movie Award per il miglior bacio (MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss) è un premio cinematografico statunitense assegnato annualmente dal 1992. In cinque edizioni sono stati premiati baci tra attori maschi (nel 2002 Jason Biggs e Seann William Scott per American Pie 2, nel 2006 Jake Gyllenhaal e Heath Ledger per I segreti di Brokeback Mountain, nel 2007 Will Ferrell e Sacha Baron Cohen per Ricky Bobby - La storia di un uomo che sapeva contare fino...

Penyalur seni di Persemakmuran Polandia–Lithuania, (Digambar oleh Jan Piotr Norblin) Penyalur seni atau pedagang seni (bahasa Inggris: art dealer) adalah orang atau perusahaan yang menjual dan membeli karya seni. Penyalur seni terkenal Larry Gagosian (kelahiran 1945) Arne Glimcher (kelahiran 1938) Edith Halpert (1900–1970) Klaus Perls Martha Hopkins Struever Jacques Seligmann John Weber (1932-2008) Penyalur seni terkenal lainnya Kurt Walter Bachstitz, 1882-1949 Colnaghi & Co, didi...

 

Type of armed combat sport This article is about the sport. For the computing process, see Fencing (computing). For the act of building a fence, see Fence. For other uses, see Fence (disambiguation). FencingFinal of the Challenge Réseau Ferré de France–Trophée Monal 2012, épée world cup tournament in Paris.Highest governing bodyFIEFirst playedBetween the 17th and 19th centuries EuropeCharacteristicsContactSemi-contactTeam membersSingles or Team RelayMixed-sexYes, separateTypeindo...

 

This template was considered for deletion on 29 October 2011. The result of the discussion was no consensus. Animation: American / Canadian / Television Template‑class Animation portalThis template is within the scope of WikiProject Animation, a collaborative effort to build an encyclopedic guide to animation on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, you can edit the article attached to this page, help out with the open tasks, or contribute to the discussion.AnimationWikipedia:WikiPro...

Aspar PaturusiLahirAndi Sofyan Paturusi10 April 1943 (umur 81)Bulukumba, IndonesiaNama lainAspar PaturusiPekerjaanaktor, dramawan, novelisetcTahun aktif1971 - sekarang Aspar Paturusi (lahir 10 April 1943) adalah aktor, dramawan, dan novelis Indonesia. Filmografi Film Tahun Judul Peran Catatan 1971 Sanrego Karya debut 1989 Tutur Tinular: Pedang Naga Puspa Kertanagara Tragedi Bintaro 1990 Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Lembah Tengkorak 1991 Saat Kukatakan Cinta 1997 Fatahillah 2009 Ket...

 

Type of photovoltaic system Rooftop PV systems around the world: Berlin, Germany (top-right), Bensheim, Germany (middle) and Kuppam, India (bottom-right) A rooftop solar power system, or rooftop PV system, is a photovoltaic (PV) system that has its electricity-generating solar panels mounted on the rooftop of a residential or commercial building or structure.[1] The various components of such a system include photovoltaic modules, mounting systems, cables, solar inverters and other el...

 

Slovak military officer and a communist politician (1919–1985) Martin DzúrDzúr in 1969Minister of National DefenseIn officeApril 1968 – 11 January 1985PresidentLudvík SvobodaPrime MinisterLubomir StrougalPreceded byBohumír LomskýSucceeded byMilán Václavík Personal detailsBorn(1919-07-12)12 July 1919Plostin, Liptovský Mikuláš DistrictDied15 January 1985(1985-01-15) (aged 65)PragueNationalitySlovakPolitical partyCommunist Party of CzechoslovakiaAlma materGeneral Sta...

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع أولاد رحو (توضيح). أولاد رحو تقسيم إداري البلد المغرب  الجهة فاس مكناس الإقليم مكناس الدائرة أحواز مكناس الجماعة القروية الدخيسة المشيخة أولاد رحو أولاد نصير السكان التعداد السكاني 766 نسمة (إحصاء 2004)   • عدد الأسر 148 معلومات أخرى التوقيت ت ع م±00:0...

 

American politician from Indiana (1872–1934) For the American judge, see Frederick Landis Jr. Frederick LandisMember of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana's 11th districtIn officeMarch 4, 1903 – March 3, 1907Preceded byGeorge W. SteeleSucceeded byGeorge W. Rauch Personal detailsBorn(1872-08-18)August 18, 1872Seven Mile, Ohio, U.S.DiedNovember 15, 1934(1934-11-15) (aged 62)Logansport, Indiana, U.S.Resting placeMount Hope CemeteryPolitical partyRepublican Frederick...

 

Claims made by a corporation/s, for the purpose of manipulating market opinion Further information: Corporatocracy Part of a series onCapitalism Concepts Austerity Business Business cycle Businessperson Capital Capital accumulation Capital markets Company Corporation Competitive markets Economic interventionism Economic liberalism Economic surplus Entrepreneurship Fictitious capital Financial market Free price system Free market Goods and services Investor Invisible hand Visible hand Liberali...

British adventurer and travel writer (1907–1971) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Peter Fleming writer – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Peter FlemingOBE DLBornRobert Peter Fleming(1907-05-31)31 May 1907Mayfair, Lon...

 

Italian filmmaker (1923–2019) Franco ZeffirelliOMRI KBEZeffirelli in 1972BornGian Franco Corsi Zeffirelli(1923-02-12)12 February 1923Florence, ItalyDied15 June 2019(2019-06-15) (aged 96)Rome, ItalyAlma materAcademy of Fine Arts of FlorenceOccupationsFilm directoropera directorpoliticianPolitical partyChristian Democracy (before 1994)Forza Italia (1994–2001)Children2 (adopted)Member of the Senate of the RepublicIn office21 April 1994 – 29 May 2001ConstituencyCatania Mi...