硒醇

硒醇的結構

硒醇(英語:selenol)是指含有硒醇基(形如-SeH的官能团)的有機化合物硒半胱氨酸是一种常见的硒醇。

結構和成鍵

硒醇與硫醇結構相似,但C-Se鍵長為196 pm,C-S的鍵長為182 pm約差了8%左右。C-Se-H的鍵角接近90°(91°)。-鍵的能量弱於-氫鍵,因此硒醇很容易氧化和作為氫原子供体。同時也反映了相對微弱的硒鍵,硫醇比硒醇的鍵能約強1000倍、且pKa甲硒醇是5.2、甲硫醇為8.3。氫解離後,得到硒醇陰離子,RSe-,其中的大多數例子是高度親核,並迅速被空氣氧化[1]

制备

硒醇通常通过有机锂试剂格氏试剂和单质硒反应而成。举个例子,苯硒酚是由苯基溴化镁和硒反应,然后酸化而成的:[2]

二甲基二硒在细胞内很容易就会被还原成甲硒醇。[3]

物理性質

甲硒醇乙硒醇室溫下為液體外,其他硒醇均為固體。硒醇分子間有偶極吸引力,但小於硫醇分子間的偶極吸引力。因此,硒醇的沸點比分子量相近的烷烴稍高,比分子量相近的硫醇低,但與分子量相近的硒醚相似。

低級的硒醇具有刺激像腐爛辣根氣味,較高濃度下有臭雞蛋的氣味,且比相同的硫醇還要更具刺激性。

命名

硒醇的官能基的命名為氫硒基,但也有人稱作缺字图片[來源請求],類似於巰基羥基,是將元素的偏旁組合起來,缺字图片讀作ㄑㄧ、qi(氫硒)[來源請求]

例子

参见

參考文獻

  1. ^ Ludger A. Wessjohann, Alex Schneider, Muhammad Abbas and Wolfgang Brandt "Selenium in Chemistry and Biochemistry in Comparison to Sulfur" Biol. Chem., Vol. 388, pp. 997–1006, 2007. doi:10.1515/BC.2007.138
  2. ^ Foster DG. Selenophenol. Organic Syntheses. 1944, 24: 89 [2022-03-03]. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.024.0089. (原始内容存档于2022-06-17). 
  3. ^ Gabel-Jensen C, Lunøe K, Gammelgaard B. Formation of methylselenol, dimethylselenide and dimethyldiselenide in in vitro metabolism models determined by headspace GC-MS. Metallomics. 2010, 2 (2): 167–173. PMID 21069149. doi:10.1039/b914255j. 

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