酰基

一般醯基（藍色），醯基離子（頂部中央），醯基自由基（右上），酮（左上），醛（左下），酯（底部中央），醯胺（右下）。 （R1，R2，R3：有機取代基或氫）。
酰基的结构。

酰（xiān）基[註 1]（英語：acyl group），是指從帶氧酸，包括無機酸除去一或多組羥基團的衍生的官能基，通式RM（＝O）－，包含一組雙鍵氧原子和烷基（RC＝O）。在有機化學，酰基（IUPAC名：鏈烷醯基）通常由羧酸衍生，結構式RC（＝O）－，其中R代表附著到CO基用單鍵的烷基。雖然稱呼多用於有機化合物，但原則上可來自磺酸、膦酸等其它類型的酸。在最常見的安排，酰基連接到更大的分子片段，在這種情況，碳和氧原子以雙鍵相連。

酰基与卤原子、烷氧基、氨基或取代氨基及酰氧基结合分别获得酰卤、酯、酰胺和酸酐。[1]

通常酰基的中心原子为碳，但氮、磷、硫、氙等原子也可形成类似的酰化物，如亞硝酰氟、三氯氧磷、硫酰氯、氯化亚砜、四氟一氧化氙。此类酰卤一般称为卤氧化物。

註釋

  1. ^ 【醯（xī）】，《說文解字》酸也，《說文解字注》酸、酢也。【酰（xiān）】，僅見於史書，不見於字書；古義是毒酒，《春秋纂言》宴安酰毒不可懷也；「酰」後通「醯」，《明史紀事本末》止于酒漿酰醢；《說文解字》不錄。臺灣化學官能基 acyl group 命名採前者，稱為「醯基」；中国大陆舊亦作「醯（基）」，但今改稱「酰（基）」。

參考資料

  1. ^ 國際純化學和應用化學聯合會，化學術語概略，第二版。（金皮書）(1997)。在線校正版: (2006–) "Acyl groups"。doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00123

参见

外部連結

Read other articles:

Gilroy, California

Lokasi kota Gilroy di negara bagian California Gilroy adalah kota paling selatan di Santa Clara County, negara bagian California, Amerika Serikat. Menurut Sensus Amerika Serikat tahun 2000, kota ini berpenduduk 41.464 orang. Departemen Keuangan California memperkirakan jumlah penduduk telah bertambah menjadi 49.649 orang per 1 Januari 2007, dan sekaligus menjadikan Gilroy kota terbesar ke-173 di negara bagian California. Kota ini terkenal sebagai kota penghasil bawang putih. Setiap tahunnya d...

 

Cigar makers' strike of 1877

American campaign Cigar makers' strike of 1877Interior of a cigar factory before the strike from Frank Leslie's Illustrated NewspaperDateOctober 1877 – February 1878LocationNew York CityvteLabor disputes by sector vteAgricultural strikes 1800s Thibodaux sugar 1887 Cotton pickers 1891 1900s–1920s Oxnard 1903 Seattle fishermen 1912 Grabow lumber 1912 Wheatland hops 1913 northern Minnesota lumber 1916–1917 Hanapepe sugar 1924 Imperial cantaloupe 1928 1930s Imperial lettuce 1930 Santa Clara...

 

Minto, New South Wales

Suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaMintoSydney, New South WalesMinto railway stationMapPopulation13,940 (2021 census)[1]Established1882Postcode(s)2566Elevation70 m (230 ft)Location50 km (31 mi) SW of SydneyLGA(s)City of CampbelltownState electorate(s)Macquarie FieldsFederal division(s)Werriwa Suburbs around Minto: Ingleburn Ingleburn Ingleburn Bow Bowing Minto Minto Heights Woodbine Leumeah Kentlyn Minto is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of Ne...

Fellow of the Royal Society

Award by the Royal Society of London AwardFellowship of the Royal SocietyHeadquarters of the Royal Society in Carlton House Terrace in LondonAwarded forContributions to the improvement of natural knowledge[1]Sponsored byRoyal SocietyDate1663; 361 years ago (1663)LocationLondonCountryUnited KingdomTotal no. FellowsApproximately 8,000[2] (1,743 living Fellows) Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the R...

 

1916 United States Senate election in New York

U.S. Senate election in New York 1916 United States Senate election in New York ← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →   Nominee William M. Calder William F. McCombs Party Republican Democratic Alliance American Popular vote 839,314 605,933 Percentage 54.32% 39.22% County ResultsCalder:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%McCombs:      40–50%    ...

 

Carciofi alla giudia

Roman Jewish artichoke dish Carciofi alla giudìaAlternative namesCarciofi alla giudeaCourseAntipastoPlace of originItalyRegion or stateRomeCreated byRoman JewsServing temperatureWarmMain ingredientsArtichokes  Media: Carciofi alla giudìa Carciofi alla giudìa (Italian: [karˈtʃɔːfi alla dʒuˈdiːa]; lit. 'Jewish-style artichokes') is among the best-known dishes of Roman Jewish cuisine.[1] The recipe is essentially a deep-fried artichoke, and originated in ...

Coppa Fiera di Milano

Starting grid for the Coppa Fiera di Milano. In the foreground are two Diatto cars. The 1st Coppa Fiera di Milano was an automobile race held in 1925 in the Autodromo di Monza. During the International Milan Trade Fair, held from 12 to 27 April 1925, which included the International Motor Show, an international speed trial, with a fuel limit of 18 litres,[1] was organized on the Monza circuit on Sunday, April 19. In the spirit of the Milan Trade Fair, the competition was intended to d...

 

Illan Meslier

Illan Meslier Meslier bermain untuk Lorient pada 2019Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Illan Stéphane Meslier[1]Tanggal lahir 2 Maret 2000 (umur 24)[2]Tempat lahir Lorient, Prancis[2]Tinggi 193 cm (6 ft 4 in)[3]Posisi bermain Penjaga gawangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Leeds UnitedNomor 1Karier junior2006–2009 Merlevenez2009–2018 LorientKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2017–2019 Lorient II 17 (0)2018–2020 Lorient 28 (0)2019–2020 →...

 

Black Steel FC Papua

Black Steel FC PapuaLogo black steel fcNama lengkapBlack Steel Futsal Club PapuaJulukanBlack SteelBerdiri2010; 14 tahun lalu (2010)StadionPapua, IndonesiaManager AfdalPelatih Chema Jimenez Alonso[1]LigaLiga Futsal Profesional2016, 2020 2023🏅 Liga Futsal Profesional 🏅 Piala Futsal AFFSitus webSitus web resmi klub Black Steel FC Papua adalah klub futsal profesional Indonesia yang berbasis di Papua, Indonesia. Klub bermain di Liga Futsal Profesional Indonesia.[2] ...

Філософія

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддій�...

 

Azizah Y. al-Hibri

American philosopher and legal scholar Azizah Y. al-HibriBorn1943 (age 80–81)EducationB.A., philosophy, American University of Beirut, 1966 Ph.D., philosophy, University of Pennsylvania, 1975J.D., University of Pennsylvania Law School, 1985[1]Occupation(s)Philosopher, legal scholar Azizah Y. al-Hibri (Arabic: عزيزة يحيى الهبري; born 1943) is an American philosopher and legal scholar who specializes in Islam and law. Biography Al-Hibri is professor emerita at ...

 

Pixel Perfect

2004 TV Movie This article is about the Disney film. For other uses, see Native resolution. Pixel PerfectPromotional advertisementGenreComedyDramaMusicSci-FiScreenplay byNeal ShustermanStory byAlan SacksNeal ShustermanDirected byMark A.Z. DippéStarringRaviv UllmanLeah PipesSpencer RedfordTheme music composerPhilip MarshallOriginal languageEnglishProductionProducerDon SchainCinematographyRodney ChartersEditorDebra LightRunning time85 minutesProduction companyAlan Sacks ProductionsBudget$4 mil...

Club for Growth

American political advocacy group Club for GrowthEstablished1999FounderHarlan CrowStephen MooreThomas L. Dusty RhodesRichard GilderTax ID no. 20-4681603Headquarters2001 L St NW Ste 600Washington, DC 20036-4967LocationWashington, D.C.PresidentDavid Martin McIntoshChairmanVirginia JamesWebsitewww.clubforgrowth.org This article is part of a series onConservatismin the United States Schools Compassionate Fiscal Fusion Libertarian Moderate Movement Neo Paleo Progressive Social Traditionalist Princ...

 

Lazar Lyusternik

Lazar Aronovich LyusternikLazar A. LyusternikLahir(1899-12-31)31 Desember 1899Zduńska Wola, Polandia Kongres, Kekaisaran RusiaMeninggal23 Juli 1981(1981-07-23) (umur 81)Moskwa, USSRKebangsaanSoviet RusiaAlmamaterUniversitas Negeri MoskwaKarier ilmiahBidangMatematikaInstitusiUniversitas Negeri MoskwaPembimbing doktoralNikolai LuzinMahasiswa doktoralAbram Ilyich FetMark Vishik Lazar Aronovich Lyusternik (juga Lusternik, Lusternick, Ljusternik; Ла́зарь Аро́нович Люсте...

 

Chromosome 10

Human chromosome Chromosome 10Human chromosome 10 pair after G-banding.One is from mother, one is from father.Chromosome 10 pair in human male karyogram.FeaturesLength (bp)134,758,134 bp(CHM13)No. of genes706 (CCDS)[1]TypeAutosomeCentromere positionSubmetacentric[2](39.8 Mbp[3])Complete gene listsCCDSGene listHGNCGene listUniProtGene listNCBIGene listExternal map viewersEnsemblChromosome 10EntrezChromosome 10NCBIChromosome 10UCSCChromosome 10Full DNA sequencesRefSeqNC_...

Kompromi

Konflik biasanya dapat diselesaikan dengan kompromi Kompromi atau tolak angsur merupakan upaya untuk memperoleh kesepakatan di antara dua pihak yang saling berbeda pendapat atau pihak yang berselisih paham.[1] Kompromi juga dapat dikatakan sebagai konsep untuk mendapat kesepakatan melalui komunikasi.[1] Kompromi dilakukan agar perbedaan pendapat atau silang pendapat dapat terselesaikan dengan pembuatan kesepakatan baru.[2] Kesepakatan baru dalam kompromi adalah kesepak...

 

Clori (ninfa)

CloriFlora, di Tiziano Nome orig.Χλωρίς Caratteristiche immaginarieSpecieNinfa tramutata in Dea SessoFemmina ProfessioneDea della primavera e dei fiori Clori (in greco antico: Χλωρίς?), o anche citata come Cloride, è un personaggio della mitologia greca, una ninfa e dea della primavera, dei fiori e dello sviluppo (crescita). Divenuta Flora per la mitologia romana, quindi identificata con la Flora dai popoli Italici.[1] Indice 1 Mitologia 2 Note 3 Altri progetti 4 Col...

 

1849 New Hampshire gubernatorial election

New Hampshire gubernatorial election 1849 New Hampshire gubernatorial election ← 1848 March 13, 1849 1850 →   Nominee Samuel Dinsmoor Jr. Levi Chamberlain Nathaniel S. Berry Party Democratic Whig Free Soil Popular vote 30,107 18,764 7,045 Percentage 53.73% 33.49% 12.57% County results Dinsmoor:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Chamberlain: ...

Far West (New South Wales)

Region in New South Wales, AustraliaFar WestNew South WalesFar WestCoordinates31°57′24″S 141°28′04″E / 31.95667°S 141.46778°E / -31.95667; 141.46778Population44,917 (2016 census)[Note 1] • Density0.305597/km2 (0.791493/sq mi)Area146,981 km2 (56,749.7 sq mi)LGA(s) City of Broken Hill Central Darling Shire Unincorporated Far West State electorate(s) Barwon MurrayFederal division(s) Parkes Farrer Localities around Far W...

 

Lakshminath Bezbarua

Lakshminath BezbaruaNama asalলক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱাLahir14 Oktober 1864Aahatguri, Nagaon, Assam, Kemaharajaan BritaniaMeninggal26 Maret 1938(1938-03-26) (umur 69)Dibrugarh, Assam, IndiaPekerjaanPenulis, novelis, dramawan, penyair, editor, satiris, pedagang kayuSuami/istriPrajnasundari DeviOrang tuaDinanath Bezbarua (ayah) Lakshminath Bezbarua (bahasa Assam: লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা, lahir 14 November 1864) merupaka...