四氟一氧化氙

四氟一氧化氙
别名 四氟氧化氙、氟氧化氙
识别
CAS号 13774-85-1  checkY
ChemSpider 10326200
SMILES
 
  • F[Xe](F)(F)(F)=O
InChI
 
  • 1/F4OXe/c1-6(2,3,4)5
InChIKey ONRYXFFHIXYZMZ-UHFFFAOYAY
性质
化学式 XeOF4
摩尔质量 223.23 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色液体[1][2]
密度 3.17 g/cm3 (液)
熔点 -46.2°C[3]
溶解性 与水反应
结构
分子构型 四方锥[4][1]
危险性
欧盟危险性符号
未列明
相关物质
相关化学品 六氟化氙三氧化氙
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

四氟一氧化氙化学式XeOF4)是稀有气体生成的卤氧化物之一,属于其中比较稳定的一个,可以长期储存于制的容器中。四氟一氧化氙是六氟化氙水解不完全的产物,它可以进一步水解为二氟二氧化氙,最终生成三氧化氙

四氟一氧化氙分子为四方锥构型,Xe-F键长1.902 ± 0.002 Å,Xe-O键长1.708 ± 0.007 Å。[5]它有部分电离,加入氟化铯氟化铷会使电导率剧烈增大。[6]

制备

四氟一氧化氙可由六氟化氙部分水解而成:[7]

XeF6 + H2O → XeOF4 + 2HF

把六氟化氙封装在石英容器中,让六氟化氙与二氧化硅缓慢反应,也能生成四氟一氧化氙。[2]

2XeF6 + SiO2 → 2XeOF4 + SiF4

六氟化氙和硝酸钠的反应也可以制备四氟一氧化氙:[8]

NaNO3 + XeF6 → NaF + XeOF4 + NO2F

通过XeF6POF3在−196 °C(−320.8 °F;77.1 K)下的反应,可以高产率的获得四氟一氧化氙。[9]

将氙、氟和氧的混合物加热到235°C可以得到四氟化氙和四氟一氧化氙。这个混合物在0°C下真空蒸馏可以得到纯净的四氟一氧化氙液体。[10]

反应

XeOF4可以继续水解:[11]

XeOF4 + H2O → XeO2F2 + 2 HF
XeO2F2 + H2O → XeO3 + 2 HF

液态的XeOF4有两性,可以和强路易斯碱(如氟化铯)和强路易斯酸(如五氟化锑)形成配合物。[12]它和五氟化锑反应的产物有XeOF3SbF6和XeOF3Sb2F11,都是含有XeOF3+离子的白色固体。[13]它和亚硝酰氟反应,生成NOXeOF5,其中含有五角锥形的XeOF5-离子。[14]它可以和二氟化氙形成1:1的加合物,这种加合物和XeF2·IF5同构。[15]

XeOF4和XeO3的反应可用来制备XeO2F2[16]

四氟一氧化氙可被过量的在300°C时还原为。这是一个定量反应,可以用这个方法分析XeOF4[17]

XeOF4 + 3H2 → Xe + H2O + 4HF

参见

  • 氙的其他卤氧化物:
二氟二氧化氙二氟三氧化氙四氟二氧化氙二氟一氧化氙

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Smith, D. F. Xenon Oxyfluoride. Science. 1963-05-24, 140 (3569): 899–900. Bibcode:1963Sci...140..899S. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 00368075. LCCN 17024346. OCLC 1644869. PMID 17810680. S2CID 42752536. doi:10.1126/science.140.3569.899 (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Ibers, James A. Molecular Structure. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry. October 1965, 16: 375–396. Bibcode:1965ARPC...16..375I. ISSN 0066-426X. LCCN a51001658. OCLC 1373069. doi:10.1146/annurev.pc.16.100165.002111. 
  3. ^ Selig, Henry. Complexes of Xenon Oxide Tetrafluoride. Inorganic Chemistry. 1966-02-01, 5 (2): 183–186. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50036a004 (英语). 
  4. ^ Martins, Joseph; Wilson, E. Bright, Jr. Microwave Spectrum of Xenon Oxytetrafluoride. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1964, 41 (570): 570–571. Bibcode:1964JChPh..41..570M. ISSN 0021-9606. doi:10.1063/1.1725910 (英语). 
  5. ^ Sim, G. A.; Sutton, L. E.; Beagley, B. Molecular structure by diffraction methods. Volume 1, A review of the recent literature published up to March 1972. London: Chemical Society. 1973: 155. ISBN 978-1-84755-674-5. OCLC 820820859. 
  6. ^ Waldman, M.C.; Selig, H. Reactions of xenon oxide tetrafluoride with lewis acids and studies of xenon oxide tetrafluoride-hydrogen fluoride solutions. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry (Elsevier BV). 1973, 35 (7): 2173–2182. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(73)80280-5. 
  7. ^ S. K. Jain, Shailesh K. Jain, Conceptual Chemistry Volume-I For Class XII, S. Chand Publishing: 7–127, ISBN 8121916232 
  8. ^ Christe, Karl O.; Wilson, William W. Convenient synthesis of xenon oxide tetrafluoride. Inorganic Chemistry. April 1988, 27 (7): 1296–1297. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic00280a043 (英语). 
  9. ^ Nielsen, Jon B.; Kinkead, Scott A.; Eller, P. Gary. A New Synthesis of Xenon Oxytetrafluoride, XeOF4. Inorganic Chemistry. 1990-09-01, 29 (18): 3621–3622. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic00343a063 (英语). 
  10. ^ Holloway, John H.; Laycock, David. Preparations and Reactions of Inorganic Main-Group Oxide Fluorides. Advances in Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier. 1983. ISSN 0898-8838. doi:10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60107-5. 
  11. ^ 中原, 勝儼. 無機化合物・錯体辞典. 講談社. 1997: 336. ISBN 4-06-153365-7. OCLC 676067485 (日语). 
  12. ^ Martin-Rovet, D.; Angelié, C.; Cauchetier, M.; Schrobilgen, G. J. Various aspects of the reactivity of the xenon(VI) oxyfluoride: XeOF4. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. September 1982, 21 (1): 10. ISSN 0022-1139. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)85330-0 (英语). 
  13. ^ Gillespie, R. J.; Schrobilgen, G. J. Trifluoroxenon(1+), trifluorooxoxenon(1+0), and fluorodioxoxenon(1+) cations. Preparation and characterization by fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1974-10-01, 13 (10): 2370–2374. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50140a015. 
  14. ^ Ellern, Arkady; Seppelt, Konrad. XeOF5−, ein Anion mit pentagonal-pyramidaler Struktur. Angewandte Chemie (Wiley). 1995-08-04, 107 (15): 1772–1773. ISSN 0044-8249. doi:10.1002/ange.19951071531 (德语). 
  15. ^ Bartlett, N.; Wechsberg, M. The Xenon Difluoride Complexes XeF2 · XeOF4; XeF2 · XeF6 · AsF5 and XeF2 · 2 XeF6 · 2 AsF5 and Their Relevance to Bond Polarity and Fluoride Ion Donor Ability of XeF2 and XeF6. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. October 1971, 385 (1). ISSN 0044-2313. OCLC 1770423. doi:10.1002/zaac.19713850103 (英语). 
  16. ^ Huston, John L. Xenon dioxide difluoride: isolation and some properties. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. September 1967, 71 (10): 3339–3341. ISSN 1089-5639. doi:10.1021/j100869a035 (英语). 
  17. ^ BARTLETT, NEIL; SLADKY, F.O. THE CHEMISTRY OF KRYPTON, XENON AND RADON. The Chemistry of the Monatomic Gases. Elsevier. 1973. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-018782-2.50010-7. 

扩展阅读

  • 冯光熙,黄祥玉。《无机化学丛书》第一卷,氢、稀有气体、碱金属。北京:科学出版社,1984年。

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