東亞共同體

東亞共同體
汉语名称
繁体字 東亞共同體
简化字 东亚共同体
越南语名称
國語字 Cộng đồng Đông Á
儒字 共同東亞
朝鲜语名稱
諺文동아시아 공동체
汉字東아시아 共同體
日语名称
汉字 東アジア共同体
舊字體東アジア共同體

東亞共同體(英語:East Asian Community,缩写:EAC),是一個設想中的區域合作組織,2009年日本曾試圖推廣此構想,效仿歐洲聯盟,在東亞南亞大洋洲建立緊密合作。[1]

歷史

第二次世界大戰時期,日本曾提過大東亞共榮圈等概念。

1967年東南亞國家協會成立,針對越南作為反共產黨的宣示,1997年發展為東協自由貿易區,並在其建議下,2005年成立東亞峰會。東亞峰會和東協的關係不甚明朗。

2009年日本政府在競選期間提出東亞共同體。

日本外務省被視為較為積極推動的一方。自民黨民主黨均在政綱中提到在東亞地區建設一個共同體的構想。特別是在政黨中提倡「與亞洲共生」的民主黨更為屬意。日本國外則主要由韓國保守政治家所提倡。這個構想曾在ASEAN+3印度澳洲紐西蘭參加的2003年第9屆東盟峰會上作為議題。2009年10月10日,第二次中日韓領導人會議北京舉行,敲定未來合作大方向:共建東亞共同體。大多數的贊成者主張應先朝向東亞地區共同的經濟圈作為目標,然後再以歐元作為榜樣導入區域貨幣。這是從「流通貨幣」到區域貨幣作為的一籃子貨幣概念的構想。但也有憲政民主市場經濟以及漢字文化等共同價值觀的意見。

然而2011年以後中日雙方因釣魚台問題遭到阻礙、2012年安倍晉三再度執政後關係更形惡化,此議逐漸沉寂,現已不活躍。[2]

回應

赞成意見

時任中共中央政治局常委中華人民共和國副主席习近平在2009年12月14日访问日本前表示,日本首相鸠山由纪夫提出建立东亚共同体,显示了日本政府重视东亚区域合作的积极姿态。这一构想符合亚洲一体化进程的大趋势,也是包括中日两国在内本地区各国共同追求的目标。构建东亚共同体是一个系统工程,既要立足现实,又要着眼长远。当前最重要的是各国应加强对话沟通,形成共识。[3]

反對意見

  • 反對方認為,與大日本帝国1940年代提倡成立的大東亞共榮圈過於相似,違反讓東亞各方在對等立場下均能參加的國際組織的主張。而贊成方認為,國際政治的現實就是強權政治,應從開始就信任「國家之間的對等立場」的樂觀想法。
  • 中国大陸的发展程度不均衡,日本本身排外的心态,朝鮮半島的殖民地历史都成为东亚共同体成长的障碍。东亚虽然在文化区域上都是儒家文化的范围,但受意识形态和西化浪潮影响,凝聚力不够,尤其是朝鮮和中国大陸与日本南韩的政治模式之间的矛盾。[4]

相关人物

構想

批判者

研究者

参考文献

  1. ^ 韦弦. 东亚共同体能否实现?. 新加坡: 联合早报. 2009-10-13 [2017-02-27]. (原始内容 (shtml)存档于2012-08-29) (中文(简体)). 
  2. ^ 徐一睿. 徐瑾 , 编. 从东亚共同体到TPP:日中渐行渐远 (shtml). FT中文网. 2014-08-27 [2017-02-27]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-04) (中文(简体)). 
  3. ^ 习近平:建东亚共同体是中日共同目标. 东方早报. 2009-12-14 [2011-05-23]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-02). 
  4. ^ 徐一睿. 徐瑾 , 编. 从东亚共同体到TPP:日中渐行渐远 (shtml). FT中文网. 2014-08-27 [2017-02-27]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-04) (中文(简体)). 

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