Bor (element)

Bor, 5B
bor (β-rhombohedral)[1]
Bor
Izgovarjava
Alotropiα-, β-romboedričen, β-tetragonalen (in več)
Videzčrnorjav
Standardna atomska teža Ar, std(B)[10,80610,821] običajno: 10,81
Bor v periodnem sistemu
Vodik Helij
Litij Berilij Bor (element) Ogljik Dušik Kisik Fluor Neon
Natrij Magnezij Aluminij Silicij Fosfor Žveplo Klor Argon
Kalij Kalcij Skandij Titan (element) Vanadij Krom Mangan Železo Kobalt Nikelj Baker Cink Galij Germanij Arzen Selen Brom Kripton
Rubidij Stroncij Itrij Cirkonij Niobij Molibden Tehnecij Rutenij Rodij Paladij Srebro Kadmij indij Kositer Antimon Telur Jod Ksenon
Cezij Barij Lantan Cerij Prazeodim Neodim Prometij Samarij Evropij Gadolinij Terbij Disprozij Holmij Erbij Tulij Iterbij Lutecij Hafnij Tantal Volfram Renij Osmij Iridij Platina Zlato Živo srebro Talij Svinec Bizmut Polonij Astat Radon
Francij Radij Aktinij Torij Protaktinij Uran (element) Neptunij Plutonij Americij Kirij Berkelij Kalifornij Ajnštajnij Fermij Mendelevij Nobelij Lavrencij Raderfordij Dubnij Siborgij Borij Hasij Majtnerij Darmštatij Rentgenij Kopernicij Nihonij Flerovij Moskovij Livermorij Tenes Oganeson


B

Al
berilijborogljik
Vrstno število (Z)5
Skupinaskupina 13 (borova skupina)
Periodaperioda 2
Blok  blok p
Razporeditev elektronov[He] 2s2 2p1
Razporeditev elektronov po lupini2, 3
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi pri STPtrdnina
Tališče2076 °C
Vrelišče3927 °C
Gostota v tekočem stanju (pri TT)2,08 g/cm3
Talilna toplota50,2 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota508 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta11,087 J/(mol·K)
Parni tlak
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
pri T (°C) 2.075 2.289 2.549 2.868 3.272 3.799
Lastnosti atoma
Oksidacijska stanja−5, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3[3][4] (rahlo kisel oksid)
ElektronegativnostPaulingova lestvica: 2,04
Ionizacijske energije
  • 1.: 800,6 kJ/mol
  • 2.: 2427,1 kJ/mol
  • 3.: 3659,7 kJ/mol
  • (več)
Atomski polmerempirično: 90 pm
Kovalentni polmer84±3 pm
Van der Waalsov polmer192 pm
Barvne črte v spektralnem obsegu
Spektralne črte bora
Druge lastnosti
Pojavljanje v naraviprvobitno
Kristalna strukturaromboedrična
Rhombohedral kristalna struktura za bor
Hitrost zvoka tanka palica16,200 m/s (pri 20 °C)
Temperaturni raztezekv β obliki: 5–7 µm/(m⋅K) (pri 25 °C)[5]
Toplotna prevodnost27,4 W/(m⋅K)
Električna upornost~106 Ω⋅m (pri 20 °C)
Magnetna ureditevdiamagnetik[6]
Magnetna susceptibilnost−6,7·10−6 cm3/mol[6]
Mohsova trdota~9,5
Številka CAS7440-42-8
Zgodovina
OdkritjeJoseph Louis Gay-Lussac in Louis Jacques Thénard[7] (30. junij 1808)
Prva izolacijaHumphry Davy[8] (9. julij 1808)
Najpomembnejši izotopi bora
Izo­top Pogos­tost Razpolovni čas (t1/2) Razpadni način Pro­dukt
10B 20% stabilen[9]
11B 80% stabilen[9]
Odstotek 10B je v naravnih vzorcih 19,1–20,3%, ostalo pa je 11B.[10]
Kategorija Kategorija: Bor
prikaži · pogovor · uredi · zgodovina | reference

Bór (latinsko borium) je kemijski element, ki ima v periodnem sistemu simbol B in vrstno število 5. Ta trivalentni metaloid v izobilju nastopa v rudi boraks. Obstajata dva alotropa bora; amorfni bor je rjav prah, kovinski bor pa je črn. Kovinska oblika je trdna (9,3 na Mohsovi lestvici) in slabo prevodna pri sobnih temperaturah. V naravi nikoli ne najdemo v prosti obliki.

Na2B4O7 - Boraks - talilno sredstvo

Zunanje povezave

Sklici

  1. Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
  2. Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). »Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond«. Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924. S2CID 206540959.
  3. Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). »Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF« (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.
  4. Melanie Schroeder. Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden (PDF) (v nemščini). str. 139.
  5. Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (Oktober 1973). »Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron«. High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.
  6. 6,0 6,1 Haynes, William M., ur. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th izd.). CRC Press. str. 4.127. ISBN 9781498754293.
  7. Gay Lussac, J.L.; Thenard, L.J. (1808). »Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique«. Annales de chimie. 68: 169–174.
  8. Davy H (1809). »An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory«. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 39–104. doi:10.1098/rstl.1809.0005.
  9. 9,0 9,1 »Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements«. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Pridobljeno 21. septembra 2008.
  10. Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). »Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method«. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.


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