Оксид хрома(IV)

Оксид хрома(IV)

Общие
Систематическое наименование	оксид хрома(IV)
Традиционные названия	диоксид хрома, двуокись хрома
Хим. формула	CrO₂
Физические свойства
Состояние	чёрные кристаллы
Молярная масса	83,99 г/моль
Плотность	4,95 г/см³
Термические свойства
Энтальпия
• образования	-588,3 кДж/моль
Классификация
Рег. номер CAS	12018-01-8
PubChem	73415796
Рег. номер EINECS	234-630-4
SMILES	O=[Cr]=O
InChI	InChI=1S/Cr.2O/q+4;2*-2 IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N, AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
RTECS	GB6400000
ChEBI	CHEBI:48263
ChemSpider	34987119
Приведены данные для стандартных условий (25 °C, 100 кПа), если не указано иное.

Оксид хрома(IV), также диоксид хрома, двуокись хрома, — неорганическое соединение, оксид металла хрома с формулой CrO₂, чёрные кристаллы, не растворимые в воде.

Получение

Нагревание гидратированного оксида хрома(III) в кислороде:

{\mathsf {2Cr_{2}O_{3}\cdot nH_{2}O+O_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {350-400^{o}C}}\ 4CrO_{2}+2nH_{2}O}}

Разложение нитрата хрома(III) при нагревании:

{\mathsf {2Cr(NO_{3})_{3}\ {\xrightarrow {400^{o}C}}\ 2CrO_{2}+6NO_{2}+O_{2}}}

Пиролиз хлористого хромила:

{\mathsf {CrO_{2}Cl_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {360^{o}C}}\ CrO_{2}+Cl_{2}}}

Физические свойства

Оксид хрома(IV) образует чёрные кристаллы тетрагональной сингонии, пространственная группа P 4₂/mcc, параметры ячейки a = 0,4422 нм, c = 0,2918 нм, Z = 2.

Ферромагнетик, обладает металлической проводимостью, при 110°С переходит в парамагнитное состояние.

Не растворяется в воде.

Образует гидраты состава 2CrO₂•H₂O, 2CrO₂•3H₂O, CrO₂•2H₂O, 3CrO₂•7H₂O.

Химические свойства

Разлагается при нагревании:

{\mathsf {4CrO_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {420-510^{o}C}}\ 2Cr_{2}O_{3}+O_{2}}}

При длительном кипячении реагирует с водой:

{\mathsf {3CrO_{2}+2H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {100^{o}C}}\ 2CrO(OH)+H_{2}CrO_{4}}}

или

{\mathsf {3CrO_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {100^{o}C}}\ Cr_{2}O_{3}+CrO_{3}}}

Окисляет соляную кислоту:

{\mathsf {2CrO_{2}+8HCl\ \xrightarrow {} \ 2CrCl_{3}+Cl_{2}\uparrow +4H_{2}O}}

Применение

Как рабочее вещество в носителях магнитной записи.

Литература

Химическая энциклопедия / Редкол.: Зефиров Н.С. и др.. — М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия, 1998. — Т. 5. — 783 с. — ISBN 5-85270-310-9.
Рипан Р., Четяну И. Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов. — М.: Мир, 1972. — Т. 2. — 871 с.

Это заготовка статьи о неорганическом веществе. Помогите Википедии, дополнив её.

п о р Оксиды
H₂O
Li₂O LiCoO₂ Li₃PaO₄ Li₅PuO₆ Ba₂LiNpO₆ LiAlO₂ Li₃NpO₄ Li₂NpO₄ Li₅NpO₆ LiNbO₃	BeO											B₂O₃	С₃О₂ C₁₂O₉ CO C₁₂O₁₂ C₄O₆ CO₂	N₂O NO N₂O₃ N₄O₆ NO₂ N₂O₄ N₂O₅	O	F
Na₂O NaPaO₃ NaAlO₂ Na₂PtO₃	MgO											AlO Al₂O₃ NaAlO₂ LiAlO₂ AlO(OH)	SiO SiO₂	P₄O P₄O₂ P₂O₃ P₄O₈ P₂O₅	S₂O SO SO₂ SO₃	Cl₂O ClO₂ Cl₂O₆ Cl₂O₇
K₂O K₂PtO₃ KPaO₃	CaO Ca₃OSiO₄ CaTiO₃	Sc₂O₃	TiO Ti₂O₃ TiO₂ TiOSO₄ CaTiO₃ BaTiO₃	VO V₂O₃ V₃O₅ VO₂ V₂O₅	FeCr₂O₄ CrO Cr₂O₃ CrO₂ CrO₃ MgCr₂O₄	MnO Mn₃O₄ Mn₂O₃ MnO(OH) Mn₅O₈ MnO₂ MnO₃ Mn₂O₇	FeCr₂O₄ FeO Fe₃O₄ Fe₂O₃	CoFe₂O₄ CoO Co₃O₄ CoO(OH) Co₂O₃ CoO₂	NiO NiFe₂O₄ Ni₃O₄ NiO(OH) Ni₂O₃	Cu₂O CuO CuFe₂O₄ Cu₂O₃ CuO₂	ZnO	Ga₂O Ga₂O₃	GeO GeO₂	As₂O₃ As₂O₄ As₂O₅	SeOCl₂ SeOBr₂ SeO₂ Se₂O₅ SeO₃	Br₂O Br₂O₃ BrO₂
Rb₂O RbPaO₃ Rb₄O₆	SrO	Y₂O₃ YOF YOCl	ZrO(OH)₂ ZrO₂ ZrOS Zr₂О₃Сl₂	NbO Nb₂O₃ NbO₂ Nb₂O₅ Nb₂O₃(SO₄)₂ LiNbO₃	Mo₂O₃ Mo₄O₁₁ MoO₂ Mo₂O₅ MoO₃	TcO₂ Tc₂O₇	Ru₂O₃ RuO₂ Ru₂O₅ RuO₄	RhO Rh₂O₃ RhO₂	PdO Pd₂O₃ PdO₂	Ag₂O Ag₂O₂	Cd₂O CdO	In₂O InO In₂O₃	SnO SnO₂	Sb₂O₃ Sb₂O₄ Hg₂Sb₂O₇ Sb₂O₅	TeO₂ TeO₃	I₂O₄ I₄O₉ I₂O₅
Cs₂O Cs₂ReCl₅O	BaO BaPaO₃ BaTiO₃ BaPtO₃		HfO(OH)₂ HfO₂	Ta₂O TaO TaO₂ Ta₂O₅	WO₂Br₂ WO₂ WO₂Cl₂ WOBr₄ WOF₄ WOCl₄ WO₃	Re₂O ReO Re₂O₃ ReO₂ Re₂O₅ ReO₃ Re₂O₇	OsO Os₂O₃ OsO₂ OsO₄	Ir₂O₃ IrO₂	PtO Pt₃O₄ Pt₂O₃ PtO₂ K₂PtO₃ Na₂PtO₃ PtO₃	Au₂O AuO Au₂O₃	Hg₂O HgO (Hg₃O₂)SO₄ Hg₂O(CN)₂ Hg₂Sb₂O₇ Hg₃O₂Cl₂ Hg₅O₄Cl₂	Tl₂O Tl₂O₃	Pb₂O PbO Pb₃O₄ Pb₂O₃ PbO₂	BiO Bi₂O₃ Bi₂O₄ Bi₂O₅	PoO PoO₂ PoO₃	At
Fr	Ra		Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Cn	Nh	Fl	Mc	Lv	Ts
		↓
		La₂O₂S La₂O₃	Ce₂O₃ CeO₂	PrO Pr₂O₂S Pr₂O₃ Pr₆O₁₁ PrO₂	NdO Nd₂O₂S Nd₂O₃ NdHO	Pm₂O₃	SmO Sm₂O₃	EuO Eu₃O₄ Eu₂O₃ EuO(OH) Eu₂O₂S	Gd₂O₃	Tb	Dy₂O₃	Ho₂O₃ Ho₂O₂S	Er₂O₃	Tm₂O₃	YbO Yb₂O₃	Lu₂O₂S Lu₂O₃ LuO(OH)
		Ac₂O₃	UO₂ UO₃ U₃O₈	PaO PaO₂ Pa₂O₅ PaOS	ThO₂	NpO NpO₂ Np₂O₅ Np₃O₈ NpO₃	PuO Pu₂O₃ PuO₂ PuO₃ PuO₂F₂	AmO₂	Cm₂O₃ CmO₂	Bk₂O₃	Cf₂O₃	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr

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