Memória da água

Em homeopatia, memória da água refere-se à suposta capacidade da água reter propriedades de substâncias que nela estiveram diluídas, mas que não mais se encontram ali. A teoria foi publicada pelo imunologista Jacques Benveniste na revista científica Nature em 1988.[1] Este suposto efeito seria obtido por meio da dinamização, um processo em que as substâncias diluídas em água são agitadas vigorosamente (sucussão), utilizando técnica descritas em Farmacopeias para transferir a energia das substâncias para a água.[2]

A pesquisa publicada na Nature foi feita utilizando soluções diluídas dos anticorpos IgE e verificando se essas teriam o mesmo efeito de uma solução não diluída dos mesmos anticorpos sobre os basófilos. A equipe de Jacques Benveniste observou os mesmos efeitos,[3] mas tais resultados foram depois contestados pelos editores da revista devido à falta de reprodutibilidade, um princípio básico da ciência.[4]

Após a publicação na revista Nature, sua editoria mandou uma equipe para verificar se a equipe de Jacques Benveniste poderia reproduzir os resultados publicados. Os resultados foram reproduzidos, mas um dos pesquisadores da revista reparou que a equipe tinha o conhecimento de quais eram as soluções com anticorpos e quais eram as diluídas. Após tomarem medidas para que a equipe não tivesse tal conhecimento, não houve diferença dos resultados entre as soluções diluídas e não diluídas.[5]

Referências

  1. ↑ NOGUEIRA, Salvador (10 de março de 2005). «Memória" da água é curta, afirma estudo». Folha Online. Consultado em 7 de janeiro de 2012 
  2. ↑ Farmacopeia Brasileira Terceira edição[ligação inativa][fonte confiável?]
  3. ↑ Davenas, E.; F. Beauvais, J. Amara, M. Oberbaum, B. Robinzon, A. Miadonnai, A. Tedeschi, B. Pomeranz, P. Fortner, P. Belon, J. Sainte-Laudy, B. Poitevin, J. Benveniste (1988). «Human basophil degranulation triggered by very dilute antiserum against IgE» (requer pagamento). Nature (em inglês). 333 (6176): 816-818. doi:10.1038/333816a0 
  4. ↑ Langone, John (1988). «Science: The Water That Lost Its Memory» (requer pagamento). Time (em inglês). ISSN 0040-781X 
  5. ↑ Maddox, John; James Randi, Walter W. Stewart. «"High-dilution" experiments a delusion» (requer pagamento). Nature (em inglês). 334 (6180): 287-290. doi:10.1038/334287a0 


Read other articles:

Gräfendorf

Lambang kotamadya Untuk ortsteil di Mockrehna, Sachsen, lihat Gräfendorf, Sachsen. Gräfendorf adalah kotamadya di Main-Spessart, Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken, Bayern, Jerman. Kotamadya ini adalah bagian Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Gemunden am Main. Geografi Gräfendorf berada di Sungai Fraenkische Saale di Kawasan Würzburg dekat Gemuenden am Main. Di Gräfendorf terdapat desa-desa Michelau an der Saale, Schonderfeld, Weickersgrüben dan Wolfsmünster. Gräfendorf, beserta Wolfsmünster, Miche...

 

WCOS (AM)

Radio station in Columbia, South CarolinaWCOSColumbia, South CarolinaBroadcast areaColumbia metropolitan areaFrequency1400 kHzBrandingFox Sports Radio 1400ProgrammingFormatSportsAffiliationsFox Sports RadioAtlanta Braves Radio NetworkOwnershipOwneriHeartMedia, Inc.(iHM Licenses, LLC)Sister stationsWCOS-FM, WLTY, WNOK, WVOC, WXBTHistoryFirst air date1939Call sign meaningColumbia, South CarolinaTechnical information[1]Licensing authorityFCCFacility ID4673ClassCPower1,000 watts unlimited...

 

Gloria Stuart

American actress and painter (1910–2010) Gloria Stewart redirects here. For Jimmy Stewart's wife, see Gloria Hatrick McLean. Gloria StuartStuart in 1937BornGloria Stewart(1910-07-04)July 4, 1910Santa Monica, California, U.S.DiedSeptember 26, 2010(2010-09-26) (aged 100)Los Angeles, California, U.S.Other names Gloria Finch Gloria Frances Stuart Alma materUniversity of California, BerkeleyOccupationsActressartistfine printerYears active1927–2004WorksFilmographyPolitical p...

Genistein

Not to be confused with Genistin. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Genistein – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template mes...

 

Paul von Hatzfeldt

German diplomat (1831–1901) Paul von HatzfeldtGerman Ambassador to the United KingdomIn office23 November 1885 – 14 November 1901MonarchsWilhelm IFrederick IIIWilhelm IIPreceded byGeorg Herbert zu MünsterSucceeded byPaul Wolff MetternichState Secretary for Foreign AffairsIn office16 July 1881 – 24 October 1885MonarchWilhelm IChancellorOtto von BismarckPreceded byClemens BuschSucceeded byHerbert von BismarckGerman Ambassador to the Ottoman EmpireIn office12 July 1878&#...

 

Invasione tedesca dei Paesi Bassi

Invasione tedesca dei Paesi Bassiparte del fronte occidentale della seconda guerra mondialePanzer tedeschi, appartenenti alla 9ª divisione corazzata, entrano a Rotterdam il 14 maggio 1940Data10 maggio - 17 maggio 1940 LuogoPaesi Bassi EsitoVittoria tedesca Schieramenti Germania Paesi Bassi Francia Regno Unito ComandantiFedor von BockHans Graf von Sponeck Henri Winkelman Godfried van Voorst tot Voorst Henri Giraud Effettivi28 divisioni759 carri armati1.150 aerei1.378 canno...

Rasikh Salam

Indian cricketer (born 2000) Rasikh SalamRasikh Salam in 2023Personal informationFull nameRasikh Salam Dar[1]Born (2000-04-05) 5 April 2000 (age 24)Ashmuji, Jammu and Kashmir, India[2]BattingRight-handedBowlingRight-arm fast mediumRoleBowlerDomestic team information YearsTeam2018–presentJammu & Kashmir2019Mumbai Indians2022Kolkata Knight Riders2024–presentDelhi Capitals Source: ESPNcricinfo, 6 April 2022 Rasikh Salam Dar (born 5 April 2000) is an Indian crick...

 

Bells Corners

This article is about the community in Ottawa. For Bells Corners in Lanark County, see Tay Valley, Ontario. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. (September 2022) This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout g...

 

Jeje Soekarno

Jeje SoekarnoLahirMuhammad Jihad Rahtomo Soekarnoputra3 Mei 1998 (umur 26)Bandung, Jawa Barat, IndonesiaKebangsaanIndonesiaNama lainJeje SoekarnoPekerjaanPemeranselebriti internetTahun aktif2011—sekarangOrang tuaDonna Harun (ibu)Keluarga Soekarno (buyut) Fatmawati (buyut) Rachmawati Soekarnoputri (nenek) Ricky Harun (kakak tiri) Herfiza Novianti (ipar tiri) Muhammad Jihad Rahtomo Soekarnoputra (lahir 3 Mei 1998), lebih dikenal sebagai Jeje Soekarno merupakan pemeran dan sele...

俄亥俄州

  「俄亥俄」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「俄亥俄 (消歧义)」。 俄亥俄州 美國联邦州State of Ohio 州旗州徽綽號：七葉果之州地图中高亮部分为俄亥俄州坐标：38°27'N－41°58'N, 80°32'W－84°49'W国家 美國加入聯邦1803年3月1日，在1953年8月7日追溯頒定（第17个加入联邦）首府哥倫布（及最大城市）政府 • 州长（英语：List of Governors of {{{Name}}}]]） •&...

 

Daftar hotel di Kota Surabaya

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Daftar hotel di Kota Surabaya – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Berikut adalah daftar beberapa hotel berbintang di Surabaya: Bintang Lima Aliston Papilio by Aliston Ascott Waterplace Su...

 

Équipe de Bulgarie de hockey sur glace

Cet article traite de l'équipe masculine. Pour l'équipe féminine, voir Équipe de Bulgarie féminine de hockey sur glace. Bulgarie Données clés Couleurs Rouge, vert, blanc Classement IIHF 38e place (2019) Sélectionneur Robert Kalaber Meilleur buteur Alexei Yotov (73) [1] Premier match officiel Bulgarie 4-2 Yougoslavie(Bucarest, Roumanie, 17 janvier 1942) Plus large victoire Bulgarie 20-0 Turquie(Pretoria, Afrique du Sud, 28 mars 1998) Plus large défaite Bulgarie 0-31 Kazakhstan(Poprad...

List of officers of the Royal Academy of Arts

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: List of officers of the Royal Academy of Arts – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Officers of the Royal Academy of Arts An early Summer Exhibition at the Academy's original home in Somerset Hou...

 

Piracy off the coast of Somalia

Hijacking of ships by Somali pirates Piracy off the coast of SomaliaPart of the Somali Civil War and piracy around the Horn of AfricaDate2000–2017LocationGulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel, Bab-el-Mandeb, Arabian Sea, Indian OceanResult Suppression of piracy[4][5]Belligerents Somalia Kenya United Kingdom United States France Japan India Bangladesh Malaysia Italy Iran Germany Spain United Arab Emirates Netherlands Pakistan Belgium Australia New Zealand Denmark Sweden Finland Nor...

 

العلاقات القيرغيزستانية الكوستاريكية

العلاقات القيرغيزستانية الكوستاريكية قيرغيزستان كوستاريكا   قيرغيزستان   كوستاريكا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات القيرغيزستانية الكوستاريكية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين قيرغيزستان وكوستاريكا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مق...

Victory Monument BTS station

Railway station in Bangkok, Thailand This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Victory Monument BTS station – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Victory Monumentอนุสาวรีย์ชัยสมรภูมิ BTS General informat...

 

إدارة المرافق

إدارة المرافق هي مجال متعدد التخصصات مهتم بعملية تنسيق الأعمال بين المباني والأفراد والبنى الأساسية وخدمات الطاقة والمياه والتصريف من أجل تناغم الخدمات المتداخلة وإطالة العمر الافتراضي للموجودات والخدمات المعنية. من أهم خدمات إدارة المرافق صيانة المباني التجارية والع�...

 

Aker Solutions

Norwegian energy infrastructure engineering company This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Aker Solutions – news · newspapers · books · scholar · ...

カルメン (オペラ)

関連ポータルのリンク ウィキポータル クラシック音楽ウィキポータル 舞台芸術 メディア外部リンク カルメン（全曲を試聴）音楽・音声 アルコア版の録音 - テレサ・ベルガンサ（カルメン）、プラシド・ドミンゴ（ドン・ホセ）、シェリル・ミルンズ（エスカミーリョ）ほか、クラウディオ・アバド指揮ロンドン交響楽団、Universal Music Group提供YouTubeアートト�...

 

Athletics at the 2007 Summer Universiade – Women's 400 metres

Athletics at the2007 Summer UniversiadeTrack events100 mmenwomen200 mmenwomen400 mmenwomen800 mmenwomen1500 mmenwomen5000 mmenwomen10,000 mmenwomen100 m hurdleswomen110 m hurdlesmen400 m hurdlesmenwomen3000 msteeplechasemenwomen4×100 m relaymenwomen4×400 m relaymenwomenRoad eventsHalf marathonmenwomen20 km walkmenwomenField eventsHigh jumpmenwomenPole vaultmenwomenLong jumpmenwomenTriple jumpmenwomenShot putmenwomenDiscus throwmenwomenHammer throwmenwomenJavelin throwmenwomenCombined event...