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Christian Wolff

Christian Wolff
Académie des sciences

Academia Prussiana de Ciências

Christian Wolff
Nascimento 24 de janeiro de 1679
Breslávia
Morte 9 de abril de 1754 (75 anos)
Halle an der Saale
Nacionalidade alemão
Cidadania Reino da Prússia
Alma mater
Ocupação jurista, matemático, filósofo, professor universitário
Prêmios
Empregador(a) Universidade de Leipzig, Universidade de Marburgo, Universidade de Halle-Vitemberga
Cargo
Orientado(a)(s) Martin Knutzen, Johann Samuel König
Campo(s) filosofia
Movimento estético racionalismo
Título barão
Religião luteranismo

Christian Wolff (Breslávia, 24 de janeiro de 1679Halle an der Saale, 9 de abril de 1754) foi um filósofo alemão. Depois de receber um título nobiliárquico passou a chamar-se Christian Freiherr von Wolff.

Trabalhou na Universidade de Halle (sede do pietismo). Christian Wolff foi o mais importante filósofo alemão entre Leibniz e Kant. Popularizou o deísmo, Leibniz e Confúcio. Pelo seu intelectualismo, insistiu na ideia de que tudo pode ser provado, inclusive Deus e a imortalidade. Os pietistas opuseram-se fortemente às suas teorias e isto acabou levando Von Wolf a ser banido de Halle an der Saale em 1723. Após esse incidente, o filósofo trabalhou um período na Universidade de Marburgo, voltando para Halle após esta tornar-se racionalista.

Wolff é considerado o criador do alemão como língua da instrução e da pesquisa acadêmica, embora igualmente escrevesse em latim para que a sua obra pudesse ser lida por pessoas de outros países, como de fato o foi. Foi um dos fundadores da economia e da administração, entre outros campos do saber, como disciplina acadêmica; concentrou-se especialmente nestas áreas do saber, dando inclusive conselhos práticos para governos, e afirmando a natureza profissional e universal da educação. Afirma-se que seu trabalho teve forte influência na declaração de independência americana. Wolff começou sua obra escrevendo o Elementa Matheseos Universae em 5 volumes que passou por nove edições entre 1713 e 1742; também escreveu, em 1717, o Anfangsgründe der aller Mathematischen Wissenschaften (Princípios básicos de toda a ciência matemática) Wolff manteve correspondência regular com Leibniz durante o período de 1704 a 1716 e sua extensa obra filosófica foi muito influenciada por ele.

Foi conselheiro científico de Pedro, o Grande, de 1716 a 1725, o qual ajudou a fundar a Academia de Ciências de São Petersburgo, na Rússia. Tornou-se reitor da Universidade de Halle, de onde tinha sido expulso, em 1741, a pedido do rei da Prússia e ali ficou até 1754, ano da sua morte.

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