Landegrave

Coroa de landgrave

Landegrave ou landgrave (do alemão Landgraf, formado de Graf, 'conde', e Land, 'terra, país, província': 'conde de uma região'[1][2]) foi um título nobiliárquico usado por vários condes (Graf) do Sacro Império Romano Germânico desde o século XII. Os landgraves da Alta e da Baixa Alsácia, assim como os da Brisgóvia, adquiriram o título porque os seus condados correspondiam aos antigos condados da época carolíngia. Havia ainda landgraves da Turíngia e de Hesse.[3]

Dava-se ainda o título de landgrave a magistrados que faziam justiça em nome do Imperador.[3]

Etimologia

A palavra inglesa landgrave é o equivalente do alemão Landgraf, um composto das palavras Land e Graf (em alemão: Count).

Descrição

O título se referia originalmente a um conde que tinha imediatismo imperial, ou dever feudal devido diretamente ao Sacro Imperador Romano-Germânico. Sua jurisdição se estendia por um território às vezes bastante considerável, que não era subserviente a um poder intermediário, como um duque, um bispo ou um conde palatino. O título sobreviveu dos tempos do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico (registrado pela primeira vez na Baixa Lotaríngia a partir de 1086: Henrique III, Conde de Louvain, como landgrave de Brabante). Por definição, um landgrave exercia direitos soberanos. Seu poder de decisão era comparável ao de um duque.[4][5][6]

Landgrave ocasionalmente continuou em uso como o título subsidiário de nobres como o Grão-Duque de Saxe-Weimar, que era também Landgrave da Turíngia, na primeira década do século XX, mas o título caiu em desuso após a Segunda Guerra Mundial.[4][5][6]

A jurisdição de um landgrave era um landgraviato ou landgraviado (em alemão: Landgrafschaft), e a esposa ou viúva de um landgrave era chamada landgravina (do alemão Landgräfin, sendo Gräfin a forma feminina de Graf)[4][5][6]

Termos relacionados

  • Landegraviato - território governado por um Landegrave
  • Landegravina - a consorte de um Landegrave

Referências

  1. ↑ Dicionário Houaiss: 'landgrave'
  2. ↑ Infopedia: 'landgrave'
  3. ↑ a b MAYER, Theodor: Über Entstehung und Bedeutung der älteren deutschen Landgrafschaften. Mittelalterliche Studien. Gesammelte Aufsätze, ed. F. Knapp (Sigmaringen, 1958) 187–201. Também publicado em: Zeitschrift der Savigny. Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Germanische Abteilung 58 (1938) 210–288.
  4. ↑ a b c Eichenberger, T., Pátria: Studien zur Bedeutung des Wortes im Mittelalter (6.-12. Jahrhundert), Nationes – Historische und philologische Untersuchungen zur Entstehung der europäischen Nationen im Mittelalter 9 (Sigmaringen 1991).
  5. ↑ a b c Droogenbroeck, Frans J. Van (1 de janeiro de 2004). «De betekenis van paltsgraaf Herman II (1064-1085) voor het graafschap Brabant». Eigen Schoon en De Brabander. Consultado em 17 de novembro de 2023 
  6. ↑ a b c Droogenbroeck, Frans J. Van (1 de janeiro de 2004). Het landgraafschap Brabant (1085-1183) en zijn paltsgrafelijke voorgeschiedenis. De territoriale en institutionele aanloop tot het ontstaan van het hertogdom Brabant. [S.l.: s.n.] 

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