Sul mangiare carne

Sul mangiare carne
Titolo originaleΠερὶ σαρκοφαγίας α', β'
Busto moderno di Plutarco nella sua Cheronea.
AutorePlutarco
PeriodoI-II secolo d.C.
Generesaggio
Lingua originalegreco antico
SerieMoralia

I due discorsi Sul mangiare carne (o De esu carnium) sono un'opera di Plutarco, in forma di declamazione.

Struttura

Questi due discorsi[1] malamente mutilati, sono parte di una serie di declamazioni che Plutarco, probabilmente da giovane, recitò davanti ad un pubblico beotico[2]. Questi frammenti probabilmente testimoniano una reale scelta giovanile di Plutarco, l'astensione pitagorica o orfica da ogni cibo animale. Di questa scelta, comunque, restano non poche tracce nei Moralia a noi noti, anche se un passaggio corrotto dalle Questioni Simposiali[3] sembra dire che a causa di un sogno il nostro autore si astenne dalle uova per lungo tempo. Nei Precetti igienici, inoltre, Plutarco giustifica il mangiare carne dicendo che "è diventata una sorta di natura secondaria innaturale"[4].

Queste declamazioni, nel complesso, si evidenziano come prodotti piuttosto immaturi, impressione aggravata dal fatto che il testo è piuttosto povero; un'impressione, questa, imputabile all'antologista che avrebbe introdotto interpolazioni stupide[5] e anche un estratto di un lavoro completamente diverso[6].

Famosa è l'introduzione:

«Tu ti chiedi per quale motivo Pitagora si astenesse dal mangiar carne? Io per parte mia mi domando stupito quale evenienza, quale stato d'animo o disposizione mentale abbia spinto il primo uomo a compiere un delitto con la bocca, ad accostare le labbra alla carne di un animale morto e a definire cibo e nutrimento, davanti a tavole imbandite con corpi morti e corrotti, membra che poco prima digrignavano i denti e gridavano, che potevano muoversi e vedere. Come poteva il suo sguardo tollerare l'uccisione delle vittime sgozzate, scuoiate, smembrate, il suo olfatto resistere alle esalazioni, come ha fatto il senso di contaminazione a non dissuadere il palato, a contatto con le piaghe di altri esseri, nel ricevere i succhi e il sangue putrefatto di ferite mortali?[7]»

Porfirio, che riprende le argomentazioni plutarchee nel De abstinentia[8] dice che Plutarco, sul tema vegetariano, attaccò gli Stoici e i Peripatetici; in queste declamazioni la polemica anti-stoica è appena iniziata quando l'opera si interrompe[9].

Note

  1. ^ Il primo in Moralia, 993B-996C; il secondo in Moralia, 996D-999B.
  2. ^ Come sembrerebbe da 995E.
  3. ^ 635E.
  4. ^ 132A.
  5. ^ In particolare 998A.
  6. ^ 994B-D.
  7. ^ Plutarco, I dispiaceri della carne. Perì sarcophagìas, a cura di Alessandra Borgia, Stampa alternativa, Roma, 1995. ISBN 88-7226-269-0
  8. ^ III, 24.
  9. ^ 999A.

Bibliografia

  • Plutarco, Del mangiare carne. Trattati sugli animali, a cura di D. Magini, Milano, Adelphi, 2001, ISBNː 978-88-4591-629-8.
  • Plutarco, Cibarsi di carne, a cura di Lionello Inglese e Giuseppina Santese, Napoli, D'Auria, 1999, ISBN 88-7092-161-1.
  • Plutarco, Tutti i Moralia, a cura di E. Lelli e G. Pisani, Milano, Bompiani, 2017, ISBNː 978-88-4529-281-1.

Voci correlate

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN13149233264276510437 · BAV 492/55290 · LCCN (ENno99033359 · GND (DE4412240-8 · BNF (FRcb122623083 (data) · J9U (ENHE987007405121605171

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