Emulsione fotografica

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L'emulsione fotografica è un materiale fotosensibile collocato su supporti diversi come pellicola (poliestere, acetato di cellulosa o nitrato di cellulosa), carta, vetro e tessuto. In fotografia si parla di emulsione solo in un contesto di fotografia analogica, ovvero quella tradizionale esistente prima della fotografia digitale, e più precisamente della fotografia ricavata da un processo esclusivamente fotochimico.

Costituita da cristalli fotosensibili (come gli alogenuri d'argento o il bromuro d'argento) sospesi in una gelatina, l'emulsione ha la proprietà di essere "impressionata" da una fonte luminosa producendo un'immagine latente, che sarà visibile e stabile solo dopo aver subito un procedimento chimico compiuto su qualsiasi supporto emulsionato, processo chiamato sviluppo fotografico[1][2].

Mentre in chimica per emulsione si indica una dispersione, più o meno stabile, di un fluido sotto forma di minutissime goccioline o bollicine (fase dispersa) in un altro fluido non miscibile (quindi due fluidi), in fotografia il termine non si applica a due fluidi, bensì ad una sospensione di particelle solide (alogenuri d'argento) in un fluido («soluzione di gelatina»)[3].

Note

  1. ^ Fu William de Wiveleslie Abney, fotografo e scienziato britannico, a rendere possibile un'emulsione rapida per la fotografia istantanea e a presentare l'idrochinone nel 1880 come "rivelatore" fotografico.
  2. ^ (EN) The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney | British chemist and photographer, su Britannica.com, 20 luglio 2020. URL consultato il 12 settembre 2020.
  3. ^ emulsione nell'Enciclopedia Treccani, su Treccani.it. URL consultato il 12 settembre 2020.

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