Chlorid americitý

chlorid americitý
      Am3+ 0       Cl−
      Am3+ 0       Cl−
Obecné
Systematický názevChlorid americitý
Anglický názevAmericium(III) chloride
Německý názevAmericium(III)-chlorid
Sumární vzorecAmCl3
Vzhledrůžové krystaly
Identifikace
Registrační číslo CAS13464-46-5
PubChem17815325
SMILES[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Am]
InChIInChI=1S/Am.3ClH/h;3*1H/p-3
Key: MFUXAFUUNKBLCU-UHFFFAOYSA-K
Vlastnosti
Molární hmotnost349,42 g/mol
Teplota tání715 °C (1319 °F; 988 K)
Teplota varu850 °C (1560 °F; 1120 K)
Teplota změny krystalové modifikace000 °C (000 °F; 000 K)
Hustota5,87 g/cm3
Struktura
Krystalová strukturahexagonální
Hrana krystalové mřížkya = 738 pm, c = 421 pm
Není-li uvedeno jinak, jsou použity
jednotky SI a STP (25 °C, 100 kPa).
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

Chlorid americitý je anorganická sloučenina s chemickým vzorcem AmCl3.

Vlastnosti

Chlorid americitý je růžová krystalická látka. Krystalizuje v hexagonální soustavě s prostorovou grupou P63/m (číslo 176) a mřížkovými parametry a = 738 pm a c = 421 pm. V pevném stavu je každý atom americia obklopen devíti atomy chloru v přibližně stejné vzdálenosti.[1][2]

Hexahydrát chloridu americitého (AmCl3·6H2O) krystalizuje v jednoklonné soustavě s prostorovou grupou P2/n (číslo 13) a parametry mřížky a = 970.2 pm, b = 656.7 pm, c = 800.9 pm a β = 93° 37'.[3]

Reaktivita

K separaci aktinoidů byla zkoumána metoda elektrorafinace chloridu americitého, jelikož hodnota Gibbsovy volné energie vzniku chloridu americitého je odlišná od hodnot jiných chloridů aktinoidů.[4] To lze využít k odstranění americia z plutonia roztavením surové směsi spolu se solemi, jako chlorid sodný.[5]

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Americium(III) chloride na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ ASPREY, L. B.; KEENAN, T. K.; KRUSE, F. H. Crystal Structures of the Trifluorides, Trichlorides, Tribromides, and Triiodides of Americium and Curium. Inorganic Chemistry. 1965-07, roč. 4, čís. 7, s. 985–986. Dostupné online [cit. 2024-08-14]. ISSN 0020-1669. DOI 10.1021/ic50029a013. (anglicky) 
  2. ↑ WELLS, Alexander Frank. Structural Inorganic Chemistry. [s.l.]: Clarendon Press 1430 s. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-0-19-855370-0. (anglicky) 
  3. ↑ BURNS, John H.; PETERSON, Joseph Richard. Crystal structures of americium trichloride hexahydrate and berkelium trichloride hexahydrate. Inorganic Chemistry. 1971-01, roč. 10, čís. 1, s. 147–151. Dostupné online [cit. 2024-08-14]. ISSN 0020-1669. DOI 10.1021/ic50095a029. (anglicky) 
  4. ↑ AGENCY, OECD Nuclear Energy. Proceedings of the Workshop on Pyrochemical Separations: Avignon, France, 14-16 March 2000. [s.l.]: Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 337 s. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-92-64-18443-5. S. 276–277. (anglicky) 
  5. ↑ Plutonium Processing in the Nuclear Weapons Complex. [s.l.]: DIANE Publishing 40 s. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-1-56806-568-7. S. 21. (anglicky) 
Chloridy s prvkem v oxidačním čísle III.
Chlorid aktinitý (AcCl3) • Chlorid hlinitý (AlCl3) • Chlorid americitý (AmCl3) • Chlorid arsenitý (AsCl3) • Chlorid zlatitý (AuCl3) • Chlorid boritý (BCl3) • Chlorid bismutitý (BiCl3) • Chlorid berkelitý (BkCl3) • Chlorid ceritý (CeCl3) • Chlorid kalifornitý (CfCl3) • Chlorid curitý (CmCl3) • Chlorid kobaltitý (CoCl3) • Chlorid chromitý (CrCl3) • Chlorid dysprositý (DyCl3) • Chlorid erbitý (ErCl3) • Chlorid einsteinitý (EsCl3) • Chlorid europitý (EuCl3) • Chlorid železitý (FeCl3) • Chlorid gallitý (GaCl3) • Chlorid gadolinitý (GdCl3) • Chlorid holmitý (HoCl3) • Chlorid joditý (I2Cl6) • Chlorid inditý (InCl3) • Chlorid iriditý (IrCl3) • Chlorid lanthanitý (LaCl3) • Chlorid lawrencitý (LrCl3) • Chlorid lutecitý (LuCl3) • Chlorid manganitý (MnCl3) • Chlorid molybdenitý (MoCl3) • Chlorid dusitý (NCl3) • Chlorid niobitý (NbCl3) • Chlorid neodymitý (NdCl3) • Chlorid niklitý (NiCl3) • Chlorid neptunitý (NpCl3) • Chlorid osmitý (OsCl3) • Chlorid fosforitý (PCl3) • Chlorid promethitý (PmCl3) • Chlorid praseodymitý (PrCl3) • Chlorid plutonitý (PuCl3) • Chlorid rhenitý (ReCl3) • Chlorid rhoditý (RhCl3) • Chlorid ruthenitý (RuCl3) • Chlorid antimonitý (SbCl3) • Chlorid skanditý (ScCl3) • Chlorid samaritý (SmCl3) • Chlorid tantalitý (TaCl3) • Chlorid terbitý (TbCl3) • Chlorid technecitý (TcCl3) • Chlorid thoritý (ThCl3) • Chlorid titanitý (TiCl3) • Chlorid thallitý (TlCl3) • Chlorid thulitý (TmCl3) • Chlorid uranitý (UCl3) • Chlorid vanaditý (VCl3) • Chlorid wolframitý (WCl3) • Chlorid yttritý (YCl3) • Chlorid ytterbitý (YbCl3) • Chlorid zirkonitý (ZrCl3)
viz též Hexachlorethan (C2Cl6) • Hexachlordisilan (Si2Cl6)

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