Genocid u Bosni i Hercegovini

Logoraši u koncentracionom logoru Manjača (1992)
Ukop 505 identificiranih bošnjačkih civila (11. juli 2006)

Pod pojmom genocid u Bosni i Hercegovini se uglavnom misli: bilo na genocid u Srebrenici kojeg su izvršile snage Vojske Republike Srpske u Srebrenici jula 1995, sa ciljem (dolus specialis) uništenja svih Bošnjaka u tom području,[1] ili na genocid u širem kontekstu označavajući zločin protiv čovječnosti i ratne zločine tokom rata u Bosni i Hercegovini od 1992. do 1995. godine.[2] Tim pojmom se opisuje kampanja etničkog čišćenja i ubijanja koju su izveli pripadnici srpske vojske te, u dosta manjoj mjeri, pojedini hrvatski ekstremisti na područjima pod svojom kontrolom: tzv. Republikom Srpskom i Herceg-Bosnom.[3] Sva ubijanja tokom kampanje genocida su bila uglavnom iz političkih, rasnih i vjerskih razloga u kontekstu sistematskog napada na bošnjačko stanovništvo. Ovaj pojam se uglavnom upotrebljava u akademskim raspravama[4][5][6][7][8] te u institucijama koje štite ljudska prava.[9][10][11]

Od 97.207 dokazanih i dokumentovanih žrtava, 83% su bili Bošnjaci. Ovaj broj bi bio još mnogo veći da preživjeli iz Srebrenice nisu prijavili svoje poginule kao pripadnike vojske, da bi u postratnom periodu mogli dobiti minimalnu socijalnu nadoknadu u vidu pomoći porodicama šehida i poginulih boraca. Ukupna cifra bi također mogla narasti za oko 10.000, zbog tekućih istraživanja koje provode entitetske Komisije za traženje nestalih.[12][13][13][14]

Godine 2001, Međunarodni sud za ratne zločine počinjene u bivšoj Jugoslaviji (ICTY) je presudio da je Srebrenički masakr bio genocid.[15]

Dana 26. februara 2007, Međunarodni sud pravde (ICJ), u slučaju Bosanskog genocida, u skladu i na osnovu ranije dobivenih dokaza od ICTY-ja donio je isti zaključak i proglasio tragediju u Srebrenici genocidom.[16] Iako su ponuđeni brojni dokazi o masovnim ubistvima, o opsadi Sarajeva, brojnim silovanjima, etničkom čišćenju i mučenjima izvršenim od raznih srpskih vojnih i paravojnih snaga, kao i bivše JNA i vojske Srbije, u svim dijelovima BiH, a naročito u Prijedoru, Banjoj Luci i Foči, kao i koncentracionim logorima; sud je presudio da su kriteriji genocida sa specifičnim ciljevima (dolus specialis) uništenja Bošnjaka ispunjeni samo u Srebrenici i istočnoj Bosni.[16][17]

Sud je zaključio da su zločini, uključujući masovna ubistva, silovanja, protjerivanja, uništavanja i deportaciju, počinjeni tokom rata, bili akt genocida u skladu sa Konvencijom o genocidu, ali ti zločini nisu sami po sebi (per se) genocid.[18]

Također pogledajte

Portal iconPortal Bosna i Hercegovina

Reference

  1. ^ Staff. Bosnian genocide suspect extradited, BBC, 2. april 2002
  2. ^ "SERBIA FOUND GUILTY OF FAILURE TO PREVENT AND PUNISH GENOCIDE". Arhivirano s originala, 30. 7. 2009. Pristupljeno 23. 11. 2007.
  3. ^ "ICTY: Kordić and Čerkez verdict - IV. Attacks on towns and villages: killings - C. The April 1993 Conflagration in Vitez and the Lašva Valley - 3. The Attack on Ahmići (Paragraph 642)". Arhivirano s originala, 8. 3. 2001. Pristupljeno 23. 11. 2007. Referenca sadrži prazan nepoznati parametar: |3= (pomoć)
  4. ^ Nobles News Bosnian Genocide Survivor Addresses Nobles Class; Date: 3/6/2007 [1] Arhivirano 7. 11. 2007. na Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Open Democracy - Martin Shaw: The International Court of Justice: Serbia, Bosnia, and genocide". Arhivirano s originala, 25. 12. 2007. Pristupljeno 23. 11. 2007.
  6. ^ University of California Riverside, Bosnian Genocide In the Historical Perspective, [2] Arhivirano 16. 5. 2007. na Wayback Machine
  7. ^ World Science: Dump the “ethnic cleansing” jargon, group implores; May 31, 2007 Special to World Science [3] Arhivirano 1. 7. 2007. na Wayback Machine
  8. ^ The 32nd annual European Studies Conference - Panel 20: Toward Understanding the Bosnian Genocide (Thursday, 4 October 2007) [4] Arhivirano 20. 7. 2011. na Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Save Darfur: Genocide Survivors to Light Olympic Torch for Darfur [5] Arhivirano 23. 11. 2007. na Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Human Rights Watch, Milosevic to Face Bosnian Genocide Charges, 11 December 2001 [6] Arhivirano 17. 11. 2007. na Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Missouri Humanities Council - Prijedor: Lives From the Bosnian Genocide, October 2007 [7] Arhivirano 5. 7. 2008. na Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Research shows estimates of B&H death toll inflated - IHT: The Bosnian Book of Dead
  13. ^ a b Bosnia's Book of Dead - BIRN Report
  14. ^ [8] Arhivirano 13. 12. 2007. na Wayback Machine - RFE: Svaka žrtva ima svoje ime
  15. ^ The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic - Trial Chamber I - Judgment - IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that genocide had been committed. (see paragraph 560 for name of group in English on whom the genocide was committed). It was upheld in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic - Appeals Chamber - Judgment - IT-98-33 (2004) ICTY 7 (19 April 2004)
  16. ^ a b "Courte: Serbia failed to prevent genocide, UN court rules". Associated Press. 2007-02-26. Arhivirano s originala, 10. 8. 2007. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2019. Provjerite vrijednost datuma u parametru: |date= (pomoć)
  17. ^ ICJ: Bosnian Genocide Case: Summary of the Judgment of 26 February 2007 [9] Arhivirano 5. 6. 2011. na Wayback Machine
  18. ^ "Sense Tribunal: SERBIA FOUND GUILTY OF FAILURE TO PREVENT AND PUNISH GENOCIDE". Arhivirano s originala, 30. 7. 2009. Pristupljeno 23. 11. 2007.

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