PLK1

PLK1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesPLK1, PLK, STPK13, polo like kinase 1
External IDsOMIM: 602098; MGI: 97621; HomoloGene: 3690; GeneCards: PLK1; OMA:PLK1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

5347

18817

Ensembl

ENSG00000166851

ENSMUSG00000030867

UniProt

P53350

Q07832

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005030

NM_011121

RefSeq (protein)

NP_005021

NP_035251

Location (UCSC)Chr 16: 23.68 – 23.69 MbChr 7: 121.76 – 121.77 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1, also known as polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) or serine/threonine-protein kinase 13 (STPK13), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1) gene.[5]

Structure

PLK1 consists of 603 amino acids and is 66kDa. In addition to the N-terminus kinase domain, there are two conserved polo-box regions of 30 amino acids at the C-terminus. Kinase activity is regulated at least in part, by the polo-boxes that are functionally important for both auto-inhibition and subcellular localization.[6]

Localization

During interphase, PLK1 localizes to centrosomes. In early mitosis, it associates with mitotic spindle poles. A recombinant GFP-PLK1 protein localizes to centromere/kinetochore region, suggesting a possible role for chromosome separation.[7]

Cell cycle regulation

Plk1 is an early trigger for G2/M transition. Plk1 supports the functional maturation of the centrosome in late G2/early prophase and establishment of the bipolar spindle. Plk1 phosphorylates and activates cdc25C, a phosphatase that dephosphorylates and activates the cyclinB/cdc2 complex. Plk phosphorylates and activates components of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). The APC, which is activated by Fizzy-Cdc20 family proteins, is a cell cycle ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) that degrades mitotic cyclins, chromosomal proteins that maintain cohesion of sister chromatids, and anaphase inhibitors. Abnormal spindle (Asp), a Polo kinase substrate, is a microtubule-associated protein essential for correct behavior of spindle poles and M-phase microtubules. Plk1 localizes to the central region of the spindle in late mitosis and associates with kinesin-like protein CHO1/MKLP1. The homologous motor protein in Drosophila is the pavarotti gene product (PAR).[8] Studies have shown that the loss of PLK1 expression can induce pro-apoptotic pathways and inhibit growth.

Meiosis

Based on yeast and murine studies of meiosis, human PLK1 may also have a regulatory function in meiosis. S. cerevisiae polo kinase CDC5 is required to phosphorylate and remove meiotic cohesion during the first cell division. In CDC5 depleted cells, kinetochores are bioriented during meiosis I, and Mam1, a protein essential for coorientation, fails to associate with kinetochores. CDC5 is believed to have roles in sister-kinetochore coorientation and chromosome segregation during meiosis I.[9]

PLK1 functions during meiotic centrosome biogenesis in mouse spermatocytes, thus facilitating accurate chromosome segregation during spermatogenesis.[10]

Role in tumorigenesis

Plk1 is considered a proto-oncogene, whose overexpression is often observed in tumor cells. Aneuploidy and tumorigenesis can also result from centrosome abnormality, particularly centrosome amplification defects. Centrosome duplication and maturation regulated by Plk1 occurs from late S phase to prophase. Abnormal centrosome amplification may lead to multipolar spindles and results in unequal segregation of chromosomes. Plk1 overexpression also increases the centrosome size and/or centrosome number, which will also lead to improper segregation of chromosomes, aneuploidy, and tumorigenesis.

Oncogenic properties of PLK1 are believed to be due to its role in driving cell cycle progression. Supporting evidence comes from the overexpression studies of PLK1 in NIH3T3 cell line. These cells become capable of forming foci and growing in soft agar and more importantly, these cells can form tumors in nude mice due to PLK1 overexpression.[11]

PLK1 has also been linked to known pathways that are altered during the neoplastic transformation. Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) pathway activation results in the repression of PLK1 promoter in a SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex dependent manner. In case of RB inactivation, PLK1 expression seems to be deregulated. This new finding suggests that PLK1 may be a target of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) pathway.

Moreover, PLK1 seems to be involved in the tumor suppressor p53 related pathways. Evidence suggests that PLK1 can inhibit transactivation and pro-apoptotic functions of p53 function by physical interaction and phosphorylation.[12]

Clinical significance

PLK1 is being studied as a target for cancer drugs. Many colon and lung cancers are caused by K-RAS mutations. These cancers are dependent on PLK1.[citation needed]

When PLK1 expression was silenced with RNA interference in cell culture, K-RAS cells were selectively killed, without harming normal cells.[13][14]

PLK1 inhibitor volasertib is being evaluated in clinical trials for use in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).[15] A combination of PLK1 and EGFR inhibition overcomes T790M-mediated drug resistance in vitro and in vivo in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).[16] In HNSCC mutations of the AJUBA mediate sensitivity to treatment with cell-cycle inhibitors including Plk1 inhibitor volasertib.[17] In mesenchymal NSCLC cells, cMet phosphorylation is regulated by Plk1‐mediated vimentin phosphorylation via β1‐integrin. The combination of cMet and Plk1 inhibition led to significant tumor regression in NSCLC in vivo models treated with clinically relevant drugs.[18]

Rigosertib is an experimental RAS/PI3K/PLK1 inhibitor.[19]

Interactions

PLK1 has been shown to interact with:

Structural analysis has been used to explain the broad specificity of PLK1.[29]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000166851 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030867 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Holtrich U, Wolf G, Bräuninger A, Karn T, Böhme B, Rübsamen-Waigmann H, Strebhardt K (March 1994). "Induction and down-regulation of PLK, a human serine/threonine kinase expressed in proliferating cells and tumors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (5): 1736–40. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.1736H. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.5.1736. PMC 43238. PMID 8127874.
  6. ^ Cheng KY, Lowe ED, Sinclair J, Nigg EA, Johnson LN (November 2003). "The crystal structure of the human polo-like kinase-1 polo box domain and its phospho-peptide complex". The EMBO Journal. 22 (21): 5757–68. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg558. PMC 275415. PMID 14592974.
  7. ^ Lee KS, Oh DY, Kang YH, Park JE (January 2008). "Self-regulated mechanism of Plk1 localization to kinetochores: lessons from the Plk1-PBIP1 interaction". Cell Division. 3: 4. doi:10.1186/1747-1028-3-4. PMC 2263035. PMID 18215321.
  8. ^ van de Weerdt BC, Medema RH (April 2006). "Polo-like kinases: a team in control of the division". Cell Cycle. 5 (8): 853–64. doi:10.4161/cc.5.8.2692. PMID 16627997.
  9. ^ Soung NK, Park JE, Yu LR, Lee KH, Lee JM, Bang JK, et al. (April 2009). "Plk1-dependent and -independent roles of an ODF2 splice variant, hCenexin1, at the centrosome of somatic cells". Developmental Cell. 16 (4): 539–50. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.02.004. PMC 2741019. PMID 19386263.
  10. ^ Wellard SR, Zhang Y, Shults C, Zhao X, McKay M, Murray SA, Jordan PW (April 2021). "Overlapping roles for PLK1 and Aurora A during meiotic centrosome biogenesis in mouse spermatocytes". EMBO Reports. 22 (4): e51023. doi:10.15252/embr.202051023. PMC 8024899. PMID 33615678.
  11. ^ Malumbres M, Barbacid M (February 2007). "Cell cycle kinases in cancer". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 17 (1): 60–5. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2006.12.008. PMID 17208431.
  12. ^ Liu X, Erikson RL (May 2003). "Polo-like kinase (Plk)1 depletion induces apoptosis in cancer cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (10): 5789–94. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.5789L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1031523100. PMC 156279. PMID 12732729.
  13. ^ Downward J, Finding the weakness in cancer, N Engl J Med, 361:922, Aug. 27, 2009
  14. ^ Luo J, Emanuele MJ, Li D, Creighton CJ, Schlabach MR, Westbrook TF, et al. (May 2009). "A genome-wide RNAi screen identifies multiple synthetic lethal interactions with the Ras oncogene". Cell. 137 (5): 835–48. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.006. PMC 2768667. PMID 19490893.
  15. ^ Van den Bossche J, Lardon F, Deschoolmeester V, De Pauw I, Vermorken JB, Specenier P, et al. (July 2016). "Spotlight on Volasertib: Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of a Promising Plk1 Inhibitor". Medicinal Research Reviews. 36 (4): 749–86. doi:10.1002/med.21392. PMID 27140825. S2CID 3456912.
  16. ^ Wang Y, Singh R, Wang L, Nilsson M, Goonatilake R, Tong P, et al. (July 2016). "Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition diminishes acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer with T790M mutations". Oncotarget. 7 (30): 47998–48010. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.10332. PMC 5216995. PMID 27384992.
  17. ^ Zhang M, Singh R, Peng S, Mazumdar T, Sambandam V, Shen L, et al. (April 2017). "Mutations of the LIM protein AJUBA mediate sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to treatment with cell-cycle inhibitors". Cancer Letters. 392: 71–82. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.024. PMC 5404895. PMID 28126323.
  18. ^ a b Singh R, Peng S, Viswanath P, Sambandam V, Shen L, Rao X, et al. (May 2019). "Non-canonical cMet regulation by vimentin mediates Plk1 inhibitor-induced apoptosis". EMBO Molecular Medicine. 11 (5). doi:10.15252/emmm.201809960. PMC 6505578. PMID 31040125.
  19. ^ Nuthalapati S, Zhou Q, Guo P, Lv H, Cosenza S, Reddy MV, et al. (September 2012). "Preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of novel anticancer agents, ON01910.Na (Rigosertib, Estybon™) and ON013105, for brain tumor chemotherapy". Pharmaceutical Research. 29 (9): 2499–511. doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0780-y. PMID 22678771. S2CID 15145715.
  20. ^ Tsvetkov L, Xu X, Li J, Stern DF (March 2003). "Polo-like kinase 1 and Chk2 interact and co-localize to centrosomes and the midbody". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (10): 8468–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211202200. PMID 12493754.
  21. ^ Zhou T, Aumais JP, Liu X, Yu-Lee LY, Erikson RL (July 2003). "A role for Plk1 phosphorylation of NudC in cytokinesis". Developmental Cell. 5 (1): 127–38. doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(03)00186-2. PMID 12852857.
  22. ^ Shen M, Stukenberg PT, Kirschner MW, Lu KP (March 1998). "The essential mitotic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 binds and regulates mitosis-specific phosphoproteins". Genes & Development. 12 (5): 706–20. doi:10.1101/gad.12.5.706. PMC 316589. PMID 9499405.
  23. ^ Lu PJ, Zhou XZ, Shen M, Lu KP (February 1999). "Function of WW domains as phosphoserine- or phosphothreonine-binding modules". Science. 283 (5406): 1325–8. Bibcode:1999Sci...283.1325L. doi:10.1126/science.283.5406.1325. PMID 10037602.
  24. ^ Lee M, Daniels MJ, Venkitaraman AR (January 2004). "Phosphorylation of BRCA2 by the Polo-like kinase Plk1 is regulated by DNA damage and mitotic progression". Oncogene. 23 (4): 865–72. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207223. PMID 14647413. S2CID 19552050.
  25. ^ Lin HR, Ting NS, Qin J, Lee WH (September 2003). "M phase-specific phosphorylation of BRCA2 by Polo-like kinase 1 correlates with the dissociation of the BRCA2-P/CAF complex". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (38): 35979–87. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210659200. PMID 12815053.
  26. ^ a b c d Feng Y, Longo DL, Ferris DK (January 2001). "Polo-like kinase interacts with proteasomes and regulates their activity". Cell Growth & Differentiation. 12 (1): 29–37. PMID 11205743.
  27. ^ Astrinidis A, Senapedis W, Henske EP (January 2006). "Hamartin, the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 gene product, interacts with polo-like kinase 1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner". Human Molecular Genetics. 15 (2): 287–97. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi444. PMID 16339216.
  28. ^ Li J, Wang R, Gannon OJ, Rezey AC, Jiang S, Gerlach BD, et al. (November 2016). "Polo-like Kinase 1 Regulates Vimentin Phosphorylation at Ser-56 and Contraction in Smooth Muscle". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 291 (45): 23693–23703. doi:10.1074/jbc.M116.749341. PMC 5095422. PMID 27662907.
  29. ^ Huggins DJ, McKenzie GJ, Robinson DD, Narváez AJ, Hardwick B, Roberts-Thomson M, et al. (August 2010). "Computational analysis of phosphopeptide binding to the polo-box domain of the mitotic kinase PLK1 using molecular dynamics simulation". PLOS Computational Biology. 6 (8): e1000880. Bibcode:2010PLSCB...6E0880H. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000880. PMC 2920843. PMID 20711360.

Read other articles:

Ellesse Andrews

Ellesse AndrewsInformasi pribadiTinggi1,77 mBerat72 kg[1]Catatan membalapDisiplinTrekKategoriSprinter Perolehan medali Sepeda trek putri Mewakili  Selandia Baru Olimpiade 2020 Tokyo Keirin Kejuaraan Dunia 2023 Glasgow Keirin 2023 Glasgow Sprint Pesta Olahraga Persemakmuran 2022 Birmingham Sprint beregu 2022 Birmingham Sprint 2022 Birmingham Leirin 2022 Birmingham Pursuit beregu Kejuaraan Dunia|Kejuaraan Dunia Junior 2016 Aigle Sprint beregu 2017 Montichiari Pursuit tunggal 2017 M...

 

Kacang bogor

Kacang bogor Kacang bogor, Vigna subterraneadari Pasar Semplak Kapuk, Bogor Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Eudikotil (tanpa takson): Fabids Ordo: Fabales Famili: Fabaceae Subfamili: Faboideae Tribus: Phaseoleae Genus: Vigna Spesies: V. subterranea Nama binomial Vigna subterranea(L.) Verdc.[1] Sinonim Glycine subterranea L.[2] Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thouars Voandzeia subterranea (L.) DC Sumber: The Plant List[3 ...

 

Liêm Hoang-Ngoc

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Hoang. Liêm Hoang-Ngoc Liêm Hoang-Ngoc en 2013. Fonctions Conseiller régional d'Occitanie 4 janvier 2016 – 2 juillet 2021 (5 ans, 5 mois et 28 jours) Élection 13 décembre 2015 Président Carole Delga Groupe politique Nouveau monde en commun (2016-2017)Non-inscrits (2017-2021) Président de la Nouvelle Gauche socialiste En fonction depuis le 15 juin 2015 (8 ans, 9 mois et 18 jours) Prédécesseur Création du parti Déput�...

فرانكلين سكوير (نيويورك)

فرانكلين سكوير   الإحداثيات 40°42′06″N 73°40′36″W / 40.7017°N 73.6767°W / 40.7017; -73.6767   [1] تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة ناسو  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 7.453277 كيلومتر مربع7.453149 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبريل 2010)  ارتفاع 20 متر  عدد ا�...

 

Hulgewadi

Village in Maharashtra, India This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (February 2018) Village in Maharashtra, IndiaHulgewadivillageCountry IndiaStateMaharashtraDistrictSolapur districtLanguages • OfficialMarathiTime zoneUTC+5:30 (IST) Hulgewadi is a village in the Karmala taluka of Solapur district in Maharashtra state, India. Demographics Covering 1,018 hect...

 

1838–39 United States House of Representatives elections

House elections for the 26th U.S. Congress 1838–39 United States House of Representatives elections ← 1836 & 1837 July 2, 1838 – November 5, 1839 1840 & 1841 → All 242 seats in the United States House of Representatives122 seats needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader John Jones Robert M. T. Hunter Party Democratic Whig Leader's seat Virginia 3rd Virginia 9th Last election 128 seats 100 seats Seats won...

Patagonia

Artikel ini perlu diterjemahkan dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Artikel ini ditulis atau diterjemahkan secara buruk dari Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Jika halaman ini ditujukan untuk komunitas bahasa Inggris, halaman itu harus dikontribusikan ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Lihat daftar bahasa Wikipedia. Artikel yang tidak diterjemahkan dapat dihapus secara cepat sesuai kriteria A2. Jika Anda ingin memeriksa artikel ini, Anda boleh menggunakan mesin penerjemah. Namun ingat, mohon tidak men...

 

Stasiun Kitaura (Miyagi)

Stasiun Kitaura北浦駅Stasiun Kitaura pada Juli 2009LokasiKitaura, Misato-machi, Tōda-gun, Miyagi-ken 987-0005JepangKoordinat38°33′36″N 141°01′19″E / 38.5601°N 141.022°E / 38.5601; 141.022Koordinat: 38°33′36″N 141°01′19″E / 38.5601°N 141.022°E / 38.5601; 141.022Operator JR EastJalur■ Jalur Rikuu TimurLetak4.5 km dari KogotaJumlah peron1 peron pulauJumlah jalur2KonstruksiJenis strukturAtas tanahInformasi lainStatusTan...

 

Jonas Lie (1899-1945)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Jonas Lie et Lie. Jonas LieFonctionMinistre de la Justice et de la Sécurité publique1942-1945BiographieNaissance 31 décembre 1899Christiania (d) (Norvège)Décès 11 mai 1945 (à 45 ans)Skallum (en) (Bærum)Pseudonyme Max MauserNationalité norvégienneActivités Homme politique, écrivain, juristePère Erik Lie (en)Mère Kathrine Lie (d)Autres informationsParti politique Nasjonal Samling (avant mai 1945)Membre de SchutzstaffelConflit Seconde Guerre ...

Al-Khisas, Gaza

For depopulated village in the Safad District, see Al-Khisas. Village in Gaza, Mandatory Palestineal-Khisas خربة الخِصاصKhirbat al-KhiṣāṣVillageEtymology: the ruin of booths or reed huts[1] 1870s map 1940s map modern map 1940s with modern overlay map A series of historical maps of the area around Al-Khisas, Gaza (click the buttons)al-KhisasLocation within Mandatory PalestineCoordinates: 31°38′53″N 34°33′40″E / 31.64806°N 34.56111°E /...

 

Women's Super League Golden Glove

AwardWomen's Super League Golden GloveMary Earps is the current holder of the awardAwarded forThe most clean sheets in a given Women's Super League seasonSponsored byBarclaysCountryEnglandPresented byWomen's Super LeagueFirst awarded2019Currently held byMary Earps (1st title)HighlightsMost awardsMary Earps, Ellie Roebuck, Manuela Zinsberger and Ann-Katrin Berger (1)Most number of clean sheets14 (Mary Earps; 2022–23) The Women's Super League Golden Glove is an annual association football aw...

 

Whitecaps de Vancouver (MLS)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Whitecaps de Vancouver. Whitecaps de Vancouver Généralités Nom complet Vancouver Whitecaps Football Club Surnoms Blue-and-White[1]The Village[2],[3] Noms précédents Vancouver 86ers (1986-2000) Fondation 1986 Statut professionnel depuis 1987 Couleurs Bleu et blanc Stade BC Place (22 120 places) Siège 375 Water Street, Vancouver Championnat actuel Major League Soccer Propriétaire Greg Kerfoot Stephen J. Luczo Jeff Mallett Steve Nash Président...

约翰斯顿环礁

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2021年5月6日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 约翰斯顿环礁Kalama Atoll 美國本土外小島嶼 Johnston Atoll 旗幟颂歌：《星條旗》The Star-Spangled Banner約翰斯頓環礁�...

 

Державний комітет телебачення і радіомовлення України

Державний комітет телебачення і радіомовлення України (Держкомтелерадіо) Приміщення комітетуЗагальна інформаціяКраїна  УкраїнаДата створення 2003Керівне відомство Кабінет Міністрів УкраїниРічний бюджет 1 964 898 500 ₴[1]Голова Олег НаливайкоПідвідомчі ор...

 

Carol Dweck

American psychologist This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Carol DweckCarol Dweck speaking for the documentary Innovation: Where Creativity and Technology Meet in 2015BornCarol Susan Dweck (1946-10-17) ...

美国众议院

此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2021年7月4日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：美国众议院 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（判定指引）。 美國眾議院 United States House of Representatives第118届美国国会众议院徽章 众议院旗...

 

Australian Open 2017

Australian Open 2017 Sport Tennis Data 16 – 29 gennaio Edizione 105ª Categoria Grande Slam (ITF) Superficie Cemento Montepremi 50.000.000 A$ Località Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Impianto Melbourne Park Campioni Singolare maschile Roger Federer Singolare femminile Serena Williams Doppio maschile Henri Kontinen / John Peers Doppio femminile Bethanie Mattek-Sands / Lucie Šafářová Doppio misto Abigail Spears / Juan Sebastián Cabal Singolare ragazzi Zsombor Piros Singolare ragazze Mar...

 

Hakama

Type of traditional Japanese trousers/skirt This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Hakama – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Two Miko wearing hakama A Japanese lady wearing a Hakama at the Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Two Shinto priest...

الدرع (مسلسل)

الدرع (مسلسل أمريكي) The Shield   النوع بوليسي الموضوع شرطة لوس أنجلوس  تأليف شاون ريان إخراج شون ريان  سيناريو شون ريان  بطولة مايكل تشيكلس،  وديفيد ريس سنيل،  وغلين كلوز،  وكاثرين دينت،  وريد دايموند،  وبولا غارسيس،  ووالتون جوجينز،  ومايكل جيس،  ...

 

Stade de la Source

Stade de la Source LocalizaciónPaís  FranciaLocalidad Orleans, FranciaCoordenadas 47°50′26″N 1°56′30″E / 47.84069, 1.94169Detalles generalesSuperficie Césped híbridoPropietario US OrleansConstrucciónApertura 1976Remodelación 2018Ampliación 2011, 2014, 2015[editar datos en Wikidata] El Stade de la Source, inaugurado en 1976, es un estadio francés situado en el barrio de La Source en el extremo sureste de la ciudad de Orleans, en Loiret. Alberga ...