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IDH3B
Identifiers
Aliases	IDH3B, H-IDHB, RP46, isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD(+)) beta, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) 3 beta, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) 3 non-catalytic subunit beta
External IDs	OMIM: 604526; MGI: 2158650; HomoloGene: 5035; GeneCards: IDH3B; OMA:IDH3B - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 20 (human)
End	2,664,219 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	130,126,467 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	apex of heart; ; left ventricle; ; right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; right auricle; ; granulocyte; ; left ovary; ; myocardium of left ventricle; ; muscle layer of sigmoid colon; ; right lobe of thyroid gland;
	Top expressed in
	interventricular septum; ; masseter muscle; ; soleus muscle; ; muscle of thigh; ; myocardium of ventricle; ; brown adipose tissue; ; sternocleidomastoid muscle; ; intercostal muscle; ; tunica adventitia of aorta; ; quadriceps femoris muscle;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	NAD binding; magnesium ion binding; oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor; electron transfer activity; isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity;
Cellular component	nucleus; mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrion;
Biological process	tricarboxylic acid cycle; isocitrate metabolic process; electron transport chain; 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process; NADH metabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	3420
	170718
	ENSG00000101365
	ENSMUSG00000027406
	O43837
	n/a
	NM_001258384; NM_006899; NM_174855; NM_174856; NM_001330763
	NM_130884; NM_001362752
	NP_001245313; NP_001317692; NP_008830; NP_777280
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the IDH3B gene.^[5]^[6]

Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD(+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP(+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is the beta subunit of one isozyme of NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]^[6]

Structure

IDH3 is one of three isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes, the other two being IDH1 and IDH2, and encoded by one of five isocitrate dehydrogenase genes, which are IDH1, IDH2, IDH3A, IDH3B, and IDH3G.^[7] The genes IDH3A, IDH3B, and IDH3G encode subunits of IDH3, which is a heterotetramer composed of two 37-kDa α subunits (IDH3α), one 39-kDa β subunit (IDH3β), and one 39-kDa γ subunit (IDH3γ), each with distinct isoelectric points.^[8]^[9]^[10] Alignment of their amino acid sequences reveals ~40% identity between IDH3α and IDH3β, ~42% identity between IDH3α and IDH3γ, and an even closer identity of 53% between IDH3β and IDH3γ, for an overall 34% identity and 23% similarity across all three subunit types.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] Notably, Arg88 in IDH3α is essential for IDH3 catalytic activity, whereas the equivalent Arg99 in IDH3β and Arg97 in IDH3γ are largely involved in the enzyme's allosteric regulation by ADP and NAD.^[11] Thus, it is possible that these subunits arose from gene duplication of a common ancestral gene, and the original catalytic Arg residue were adapted to allosteric functions in the β- and γ-subunits.^[9]^[11] Likewise, Asp181 in IDH3α is essential for catalysis, while the equivalent Asp192 in IDH3β and Asp190 in IDH3γ enhance NAD- and Mn²⁺-binding.^[9] Since the oxidative decarboxylation catalyzed by IDH3 requires binding of NAD, Mn²⁺, and the substrate isocitrate, all three subunits participate in the catalytic reaction.^[10]^[11] Moreover, studies of the enzyme in pig heart reveal that the αβ and αγ dimers constitute two binding sites for each of its ligands, including isocitrate, Mn²⁺, and NAD, in one IDH3 tetramer.^[9]^[10]

Isoforms

The IDH3B gene contains 12 exons and encodes two alternatively spliced isoforms: IDH3β1 (349 residues) and IDH3β2 (354 residues).^[13]^[14] These isoforms are tissue-specific and possess optimal pHs matching those of their target tissues. IDH3β1, with an optimal pH of 8.0, is expressed in brain and kidney, whereas IDH3β2, with an optimal pH of 7.6, is expressed in heart and skeletal muscle.^[14]

Function

As an isocitrate dehydrogenase, IDH3 catalyzes the reversible oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to yield α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and CO₂ as part of the TCA cycle in glucose metabolism.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[15] This step also allows for the concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH, which is then used to generate ATP through the electron transport chain. Notably, IDH3 relies on NAD+ as its electron acceptor, as opposed to NADP+ like IDH1 and IDH2.^[8]^[9] IDH3 activity is regulated by the energy needs of the cell: when the cell requires energy, IDH3 is activated by ADP; and when energy is no longer required, IDH3 is inhibited by ATP and NADH.^[9]^[10] This allosteric regulation allows IDH3 to function as a rate-limiting step in the TCA cycle.^[15]^[16] Within cells, IDH3 and its subunits have been observed to localize to the mitochondria.^[9]^[10]^[15]

Clinical Significance

Homozygous loss-of-function mutations of the IDH3B gene has been linked to retinitis pigmentosa, the neurodegeneration of rods and cones in the retina resulting in blindness.^[12]^[13]^[17]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=TCACycle_WP78 edit]]

TCACycle_WP78 edit

^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "TCACycle_WP78".

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101365 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027406 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Kim YO, Park SH, Kang YJ, Koh HJ, Kim SH, Park SY, Sohn U, Huh TL (Jan 2000). "Assignment of mitochondrial NAD(+)-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase beta subunit gene (IDH3B) to human chromosome band 20p13 by in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 86 (3–4): 240–1. doi:10.1159/000015348. PMID 10575215. S2CID 85139434.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: IDH3B isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) beta".
^ Dimitrov L, Hong CS, Yang C, Zhuang Z, Heiss JD (2015). "New developments in the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of the IDH1 mutation in glioma". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 12 (3): 201–13. doi:10.7150/ijms.11047. PMC 4323358. PMID 25678837.
^ ^a ^b ^c Zeng, L; Morinibu, A; Kobayashi, M; Zhu, Y; Wang, X; Goto, Y; Yeom, CJ; Zhao, T; Hirota, K; Shinomiya, K; Itasaka, S; Yoshimura, M; Guo, G; Hammond, EM; Hiraoka, M; Harada, H (3 September 2015). "Aberrant IDH3α expression promotes malignant tumor growth by inducing HIF-1-mediated metabolic reprogramming and angiogenesis". Oncogene. 34 (36): 4758–66. doi:10.1038/onc.2014.411. PMID 25531325.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Bzymek, KP; Colman, RF (8 May 2007). "Role of alpha-Asp181, beta-Asp192, and gamma-Asp190 in the distinctive subunits of human NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase". Biochemistry. 46 (18): 5391–7. doi:10.1021/bi700061t. PMID 17432878.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Soundar, S; O'hagan, M; Fomulu, KS; Colman, RF (28 July 2006). "Identification of Mn2+-binding aspartates from alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (30): 21073–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.m602956200. PMID 16737955.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Soundar, S; Park, JH; Huh, TL; Colman, RF (26 December 2003). "Evaluation by mutagenesis of the importance of 3 arginines in alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (52): 52146–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.m306178200. PMID 14555658.
^ ^a ^b Dange, M; Colman, RF (2 July 2010). "Each conserved active site tyr in the three subunits of human isocitrate dehydrogenase has a different function". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (27): 20520–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.115386. PMC 2898308. PMID 20435888.
^ ^a ^b Hartong, DT; Dange, M; McGee, TL; Berson, EL; Dryja, TP; Colman, RF (October 2008). "Insights from retinitis pigmentosa into the roles of isocitrate dehydrogenases in the Krebs cycle". Nature Genetics. 40 (10): 1230–4. doi:10.1038/ng.223. PMC 2596605. PMID 18806796.
^ ^a ^b Kim, YO; Koh, HJ; Kim, SH; Jo, SH; Huh, JW; Jeong, KS; Lee, IJ; Song, BJ; Huh, TL (24 December 1999). "Identification and functional characterization of a novel, tissue-specific NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase beta subunit isoform". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (52): 36866–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.52.36866. PMID 10601238.
^ ^a ^b ^c Huh, TL; Kim, YO; Oh, IU; Song, BJ; Inazawa, J (1 March 1996). "Assignment of the human mitochondrial NAD+ -specific isocitrate dehydrogenase alpha subunit (IDH3A) gene to 15q25.1-->q25.2by in situ hybridization". Genomics. 32 (2): 295–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0120. PMID 8833160.
^ Yoshimi, N; Futamura, T; Bergen, SE; Iwayama, Y; Ishima, T; Sellgren, C; Ekman, CJ; Jakobsson, J; Pålsson, E; Kakumoto, K; Ohgi, Y; Yoshikawa, T; Landén, M; Hashimoto, K (19 January 2016). "Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics identifies a key role of isocitrate dehydrogenase in bipolar disorder: evidence in support of mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis". Molecular Psychiatry. 21 (11): 1504–1510. doi:10.1038/mp.2015.217. PMC 5078854. PMID 26782057.
^ Fahim, AT; Daiger, SP; Weleber, RG; Pagon, RA; Adam, MP; Ardinger, HH; Wallace, SE; Amemiya, A; Bean, LJH; Bird, TD; Fong, CT; Mefford, HC; Smith, RJH; Stephens, K (1993). "Retinitis Pigmentosa Overview". PMID 20301590. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

External links

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Retinitis Pigmentosa Overview

[WikiPathways-18] The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "TCACycle_WP78".

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101365 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027406 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10575215-5] Kim YO, Park SH, Kang YJ, Koh HJ, Kim SH, Park SY, Sohn U, Huh TL (Jan 2000). "Assignment of mitochondrial NAD(+)-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase beta subunit gene (IDH3B) to human chromosome band 20p13 by in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 86 (3–4): 240–1. doi:10.1159/000015348. PMID 10575215. S2CID 85139434.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: IDH3B isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) beta".

[pmid25678837-7] Dimitrov L, Hong CS, Yang C, Zhuang Z, Heiss JD (2015). "New developments in the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of the IDH1 mutation in glioma". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 12 (3): 201–13. doi:10.7150/ijms.11047. PMC 4323358. PMID 25678837.

[pmid25531325-8] Zeng, L; Morinibu, A; Kobayashi, M; Zhu, Y; Wang, X; Goto, Y; Yeom, CJ; Zhao, T; Hirota, K; Shinomiya, K; Itasaka, S; Yoshimura, M; Guo, G; Hammond, EM; Hiraoka, M; Harada, H (3 September 2015). "Aberrant IDH3α expression promotes malignant tumor growth by inducing HIF-1-mediated metabolic reprogramming and angiogenesis". Oncogene. 34 (36): 4758–66. doi:10.1038/onc.2014.411. PMID 25531325.

[pmid17432878-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Bzymek, KP; Colman, RF (8 May 2007). "Role of alpha-Asp181, beta-Asp192, and gamma-Asp190 in the distinctive subunits of human NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase". Biochemistry. 46 (18): 5391–7. doi:10.1021/bi700061t. PMID 17432878.

[pmid16737955-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Soundar, S; O'hagan, M; Fomulu, KS; Colman, RF (28 July 2006). "Identification of Mn2+-binding aspartates from alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (30): 21073–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.m602956200. PMID 16737955.

[pmid14555658-11] Soundar, S; Park, JH; Huh, TL; Colman, RF (26 December 2003). "Evaluation by mutagenesis of the importance of 3 arginines in alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (52): 52146–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.m306178200. PMID 14555658.

[pmid20435888-12] Dange, M; Colman, RF (2 July 2010). "Each conserved active site tyr in the three subunits of human isocitrate dehydrogenase has a different function". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (27): 20520–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.115386. PMC 2898308. PMID 20435888.

[pmid18806796-13] Hartong, DT; Dange, M; McGee, TL; Berson, EL; Dryja, TP; Colman, RF (October 2008). "Insights from retinitis pigmentosa into the roles of isocitrate dehydrogenases in the Krebs cycle". Nature Genetics. 40 (10): 1230–4. doi:10.1038/ng.223. PMC 2596605. PMID 18806796.

[pmid10601238-14] Kim, YO; Koh, HJ; Kim, SH; Jo, SH; Huh, JW; Jeong, KS; Lee, IJ; Song, BJ; Huh, TL (24 December 1999). "Identification and functional characterization of a novel, tissue-specific NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase beta subunit isoform". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (52): 36866–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.52.36866. PMID 10601238.

[pmid8833160-15] Huh, TL; Kim, YO; Oh, IU; Song, BJ; Inazawa, J (1 March 1996). "Assignment of the human mitochondrial NAD+ -specific isocitrate dehydrogenase alpha subunit (IDH3A) gene to 15q25.1-->q25.2by in situ hybridization". Genomics. 32 (2): 295–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0120. PMID 8833160.

[pmid26782057-16] Yoshimi, N; Futamura, T; Bergen, SE; Iwayama, Y; Ishima, T; Sellgren, C; Ekman, CJ; Jakobsson, J; Pålsson, E; Kakumoto, K; Ohgi, Y; Yoshikawa, T; Landén, M; Hashimoto, K (19 January 2016). "Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics identifies a key role of isocitrate dehydrogenase in bipolar disorder: evidence in support of mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis". Molecular Psychiatry. 21 (11): 1504–1510. doi:10.1038/mp.2015.217. PMC 5078854. PMID 26782057.

[pmid20301590-17] Fahim, AT; Daiger, SP; Weleber, RG; Pagon, RA; Adam, MP; Ardinger, HH; Wallace, SE; Amemiya, A; Bean, LJH; Bird, TD; Fong, CT; Mefford, HC; Smith, RJH; Stephens, K (1993). "Retinitis Pigmentosa Overview". PMID 20301590. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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[§ 1]

PROFILPELAJAR.COM

IDH3B

Structure

Isoforms

Function

Clinical Significance

Interactive pathway map

See also

References

Further reading

External links

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