Homotaurine (also known as tramiprosate (INN), 3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid, or 3-APS) is a natural sulfonic acid found in seaweed.[3] It is analogous to taurine, but with an extra carbon in its chain. It has GABAergic activity, apparently by mimicking GABA, which it resembles.[4]
Homotaurine was investigated in a Phase III clinical trial as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that did not show efficacy. However, post-hoc analyses have shown positive and significant effects of homotaurine on secondary endpoints and subgroups of patients, including a reduction in hippocampal volume loss and lower decline in memory function in the overall cohort, as well as a reduction in global cognitive decline in APOE4 allele carriers, suggesting a disease-modifying effect.[5] A study in cognitive impairment done in 2018 did show positive benefits.[6]
Homotaurine is currently in a phase 3 study with expected FDA approval as the first disease modifying drug for AD.[7][8]
Acamprosate (N-acetyl homotaurine) was approved by the FDA in 2004 to treat alcohol dependence.[4]
In preclinical studies it had been found to bind to soluble amyloid beta and inhibit the formation of neurotoxic aggregates.[5][9] Homotaurine has also shown anticonvulsant activities, reduction in skeletal muscle tonus, and hypothermic activity.[10]
Homotaurine has been reported as a GABA antagonist,[4] as well as a GABA agonist.[10][11] In vitro studies have found that homotaurine is a GABAA partial agonist[12] as well as a GABAB receptor partial agonist with low efficacy, becoming an antagonist and displacing the full agonists GABA and baclofen at this receptor.[13] In a study in rats, homotaurine reversed the catatonia induced by baclofen (the prototypical GABAB agonist),[14] and was able to produce analgesia via the GABAB receptor, an effect that was abolished when CGP-35348, a GABAB receptor antagonist was applied.[15][16]
In a human study homotaurine selectively and fully inhibits the formation of Aβ42 oligomers at the clinical dose, without evidence of vasogenic edema.[7]
One study in rats showed that homotaurine suppressed ethanol-stimulated dopamine release, as well as ethanol intake and preference in rats in a way similar to the N-acetyl derivative of homotaurine, acamprosate.[17]
قصف روما في الحرب العالمية الثانية جزء من خط غوستاف التاريخ 5 يونيو 1944 البلد إيطاليا الموقع روما 41°53′35″N 12°28′58″E / 41.89305556°N 12.48277778°E / 41.89305556; 12.48277778 تعديل مصدري - تعديل قصف روما في الحرب العالمية الثانية تم قصفها في عدة مناسبات في عامي 1943 …
American journalist In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Sánchez and the second or maternal family name is de Reinaldo. Rick SanchezSánchez in 2009BornRicardo León Sánchez de Reinaldo (1958-07-03) July 3, 1958 (age 65)Guanabacoa, CubaOccupationanchor/correspondentSpouseSuzanneChildren4WebsiteOfficial website Ricardo León Sánchez de Reinaldo (born July 3, 1958)[1][2] is a Cuban-American journalist, radio host, and author. After working as the l…
此條目翻譯品質不佳。 (2015年12月4日)翻譯者可能不熟悉中文或原文語言,也可能使用了機器翻譯。請協助翻譯本條目或重新編寫,并注意避免翻译腔的问题。明顯拙劣的翻譯請改掛{{d|G13}}提交刪除。 八里桥伯爵夏尔·库赞-孟斗班Charles Cousin-Montauban, Comte de Palikao第31任法國總理任期1870年8月9日—1870年9月4日前任埃米勒·奥利维耶继任路易·朱尔·特罗胥 个人资料出生1796年6月24…
Reid Carruthers Datos personalesNacimiento Winnipeg, Canadá30 de diciembre de 1984 (38 años)Carrera deportivaRepresentante de Canadá CanadáDeporte Curling Medallero Curling masculino Evento O P B Campeonato Mundial 1 0 0 Campeonato Mundial Mix. D. 0 1 0 [editar datos en Wikidata] Reid Carruthers (Winnipeg, 30 de diciembre de 1984) es un deportista canadiense que compite en curling.[1]̴…
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Richard Kirsch Richard Willy Kirsch (* 30. April 1915 in Berlin-Dahlem[1]; † 17. Juni 1971 in Berlin-Mitte[2]) war ein deutscher Chirurg und Hochschullehrer.[3] Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 1.1 Chirurgischer Werdegang 1.2 Ost-Berlin 1.3 Dresden 2 Werke 3 Gesellschaften 4 Ehrungen 5 Literatur 6 Weblinks 7 Einzelnachweise Leben Kirschs Eltern waren der Studienrat Max Kirsch (1877–1955) und seine Frau Gertrud Kirsch geb. Köhler (1894–1966). Kirsch besuchte das Arndt-Gym…
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Pour l’article homonyme, voir Chambre d'écho (médias). Ne pas confondre avec la chambre réverbérante Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (février 2014). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la …
Tennis bei den Olympischen Sommerspielen 2000 Information Austragungsort Sydney, Australien Australien Wettkampfstätte Tennis Centre Nationen 52 Athleten 182 (93 , 89 ) Datum 19. bis 26. September 2000 Entscheidungen 4 ← Atlanta 1996 Athen 2004 → Bei den Olympischen Spielen 2000 in der australischen Metropole Sydney wurden vier Wettbewerbe im Tennis ausgetragen. Austragungsort war das Tennis Centre im Sydney Olympic Park, gespielt wurde auf Hartplatz (Rebound Ace). Inhaltsver…
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Kazimierz Leon Sapieha – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Kazimierz Leon Sapieha Kazimierz Leon Sapieha (Lithuanian: Kazimieras Leonas Sapiega) (1609–1656) was a nobleman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania…
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Кримська республіканська установа «Дитяча бібліотека ім. В. Н. Орлова» Бібліотека в 2012 році. 44°57′12″ пн. ш. 34°06′49″ сх. д. / 44.95347222224977202° пн. ш. 34.11361111113877342° сх. д. / 44.95347222224977202; 34.11361111113877342Координати: 44°57′12″ пн. ш. 34°06′49″ сх. д.…
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هذه مقالة غير مراجعة. ينبغي أن يزال هذا القالب بعد أن يراجعها محرر مغاير للذي أنشأها؛ إذا لزم الأمر فيجب أن توسم المقالة بقوالب الصيانة المناسبة. يمكن أيضاً تقديم طلب لمراجعة المقالة في الصفحة المخصصة لذلك. (أغسطس 2020) تعرّف العلاقات الدولية أو الدبلوماسية العامة أو الدبلوماس…
American baseball player (1917-2002) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Jimmy Bloodworth – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Baseball player Jimmy BloodworthSecond basemanBorn: (1917-07-26)July 26, 1917Tallahassee, Florid…
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Concept in ethics Personal responsibility and Individual responsibility redirect here. For other types of responsibility, see Responsibility. In philosophy, moral responsibility is the status of morally deserving praise, blame, reward, or punishment for an act or omission in accordance with one's moral obligations.[1][2] Deciding what (if anything) counts as morally obligatory is a principal concern of ethics. Philosophers refer to people who have moral responsibility for an acti…
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Luma PicturesTypePrivateIndustryVisual effects, CGI animationFounded2002FounderPayam Shohadai, Jonathan R. BetuelHeadquartersSanta Monica, California, USAMelbourne, Victoria, AustraliaKey peopleGrady Gamble, Vincent Cirelli, Jamy Zink, Shauna BryanWebsitehttps://www.luma.inc/ Luma Pictures is a visual effects studio with facilities in Santa Monica, California and Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 2002 by Payam Shohadai and Jonathan R. Beutel, the company is best known for their creatures, environm…
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