William Shellabear

William Girdlestone Shellabear (1862–1948) adalah salah seorang penerjemah Alkitab dalam bahasa Melayu.[1][2][3] Pada awalnya, ia berangkat ke Malaya sebagai insinyur dan serdadu. Ia tiba di Singapura pada tahun 1885 untuk memimpin sebuah resimen tentara Melayu. Pada tahun 1890, atas dorongan Uskup James Thoburn, Shellabear meletakkan jabatannya dan kembali ke Inggris untuk mempelajari keterampilan cetak untuk percetakan Gereja Methodis. Pada tahun 1891, ia kembali ke Singapura dan segera memulai penerbitan serta penerjemahan literatur Kristen ke dalam bahasa Melayu. Karena memiliki dana serta peralatan cetak yang paling modern di kawasan itu, Shellabear pun menjadi anggota misionaris yang paling senior dan paling berkuasa secara politik.

Ia aktif bekerja sejak tahun 1891 hingga 1948. Ia pula yang memperkenalkan perubahan pendekatan terhadap orang-orang Melayu dan orang-orang Muslim.[4] Pada tahun 1891, Shellabear berhasil mencetak Injil Matius dalam bahasa Melayu dengan memakai aksara Latin. Percetakan tersebut juga mencetak Alkitab dalam pelbagai bahasa, termasuk bahasa Jawa, Bugis, Tionghoa, serta berbagai dialek Tionghoa dalam aksara Latin.

Pada awal tahun 1904, Shellabear bersama istri kedua dan keluarganya pindah ke Malaka. Di Malaka inilah Shellabear bertemu dengan Sulaiman bin Muhammad Nur, seorang ahli syair Melayu dan sufi yang menjadi guru dan asistennya. Di bawah bimbingan Sulaiman, Shellabear dapat memperhalus kecakapannya atas peribahasa-peribahasa, lapisan-lapisan simbolisme, dan alegori Melayu yang kaya. Ia mulai melihat hubungan erat antara kebudayaan, agama, dan bahasa yang harus menjadi sasaran setiap terjemahan Alkitab.

Selain Alkitab, Shellabear juga menerjemahkan Perjalanan sang Peziarah karya John Bunyan ke dalam bahasa Melayu Baba, yaitu bahasa Melayu khas dari komunitas Tionghoa di Selat Malaka yang menurut Shellabear merupakan sebuah bahasa yang benar-benar unik. Ia melakukannya bersama dengan Tan Cheng Poh. Pada tahun 1909, Shellabear dan teman-teman Tionghoanya merampungkan sebuah adaptasi Perjanjian Baru ke dalam bahasa Melayu Baba. Hal ini menandai akhir dari berbagai upaya penerjemahan Perjanjian Baru di Malaya dalam kurun waktu hampir 20 tahun.

Chrita Orang Yang Chari Slamat di Wikisource

Selain memproduksi tulisan dalam jumlah banyak yang terutama ditujukan untuk orang Kristen Melayu, ia juga menulis Sejarah Melayu, Hikayat Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir dalam aksara Latin, sebuah buku himne Melayu, kamus, buku tata bahasa Melayu, dan terjemahan Perjalanan Sang Musafir (dengan judul Chrita Orang Yang Chari Slamat). Ia juga berkolaborasi dengan penulis Melayu, Sulaiman bin Muhammed Nur, dalam mempublikasikan ‘’Kitab Kiliran Budi’’ (kumpulan kata-kata bijak) dan ‘’Hikayat Hang Tuah. Buku tata bahasa, kamus, dan terjemahan Alkitabnya terus dicetak ulang selama berpuluh-puluh tahun.[2]

Shellabear meninggal dunia pada tahun 1947 dalam usia 84 tahun. Karya-karyanya yang lain dicetak ulang di Malaya sampai tahun 1957. Alkitab dalam aksara Jawi dicetak ulang oleh Lembaga Alkitab hingga tahun 1971 di Singapura.

Referensi

  1. ^ Hunt, Robert. 2002. International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 26.1: 28-31.
  2. ^ a b Roxborogh, John. 2000. “Shellabear, William Girdlestone.” Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions, ed by A. Scott Moreau, p. 871. Grand Rapids: Baker Books and Carlisle, Cumbria: Paternoster.
  3. ^ Satari, Paul Russ. 2001. “Shellabear, William Girdlestone.” A Dictionary of Asian Christianity, ed. By Scott Sunquist, p. 759. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
  4. ^ Hunt, Robert. 2002. International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 26.1: 28.

Sumber

Bahasa Indonesia
  • Kilgour, Rev. R, D.D. Alkitab di Tanah Hindia Belanda. Halaman 171-176.
  • Soesilo, Dr. Daud H., Ph.D. 2001. Mengenal Alkitab Anda. Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia, Jakarta. Halaman 56-58.
  • Cermat, H.L. Alkitab: Dari Mana Datangnya?. Lembaga Literatur Baptis, Bandung. Halaman 31-39.
Bahasa Inggris
  • Hunt, Robert A. 1996. William Shellabear: A Biography. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: University of Malaya Press.
  • Hunt, Robert A. 1998. “Shellabear, William Girdlestone". Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions, ed. By Gerald Anderson, p. 617 . New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Roxborogh, John. 2000. “Shellabear, William Girdlestone.” Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions, ed by A. Scott Moreau, p. 871. Grand Rapids: Baker Books and Carlisle, Cumbria: Paternoster.
  • Satari, Paul Russ. 2001. “Shellabear, William Girdlestone.” A Dictionary of Asian Christianity, ed. By Scott Sunquist, p. 759. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Publikasi

Dalam bahasa Melayu

  • 1901 (trans.) Aturan Sembahyang (The book of worship). American Mission Press.
  • 1905 (trans., with Tan Cheng Poh) Chrita Orang Yang Chari Slamat (Baba Malay) (The Pilgrim’s Progress/Perjalanan Sang Musafir). American Mission Press.
  • 1907 Pelajaran dri hal Isa Al Maseh (Teaching about Jesus Christ). Singapore: Methodist Publishing House.
  • 1908 (ed., with Sulaiman bin Muhammed Nur) Hikayat Hang Tuah (The life of Hang Tuah). Singapore: Malaya Publishing House.
  • 1909 (ed., with Sulaiman bin Muhammed Nur) Kitab Kiliran Budi (The book of wisdom—a collection of Malay proverbs). Methodist Publishing House, Singapore.
  • 1915 (ed.) Hikayat Abdullah (The life of Abdullah). Singapore: Methodist Publishing House.
  • 1915 (ed., with Sulaiman bin Muhammed Nur) Hikayat Sri Rama (The life of Sri Rama). Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, no. 71.
  • 1915 (ed.) Ramayana of Valmiki (The Ramayana epic). Royal Asiatic Society. Malay version found in Bodleian Library.
  • 1917 Sha’ir Puji Pujian (The hymnal). Singapore: Methodist Book Room. Later editions through 1947.
  • 1918 Kitab Undang Undang Methodist (The Methodist book of discipline). Singapore: Methodist Publishing House.
  • 1921 Hikajat Perhimpoenan Methodist (The history of Methodism). Singapore: Methodist Publishing House.
  • 1924 (ed.) Sejarah Melayu (History of the Malays). Singapore: Methodist Publishing House.
  • 1948 Cherita Ibrahim (The story of Abraham). Singapore: Methodist Mission.
  • 1948 Sha’ir Nabi Yang Berpengasihan (The story of the beloved prophet). Singapore: Methodist Mission.
  • 1949 Beberapa Sha’ir dri hal Kerajaan Allah (The story of God’s kingdom). Singapore: Methodist Mission.
  • 1949 Cherita Yang Sempurna (The perfect life). Singapore: Methodist Mission.
  • 1949 Hikayat Beni Israel (The history of Israel). Singapore: Methodist Mission.
  • 1949 Hikayat Musa (The story of Moses). Singapore: Methodist Mission.
  • 1949 Hikayat Ruth (The story of Ruth). Singapore: Methodist Mission.
  • 1949 Hikayat Yusuf (The story of Joseph). Singapore: Methodist Mission.
  • 1949 Tafsir Injil Lukas (A commentary on Gospel of Luke). Singapore: Methodist Mission.
  • 1949 Tafsir Yahya (A commentary on John). Singapore: Methodist Mission.
  • 1955 (trans.) Cherita darihal Orang yang Menchari Selamat (Standard Malay) (The pilgrim’s progress). Singapore: Methodist Mission.

Dalam bahasa Inggris

Triglot Vocabulary, Sixth Edition (1913).
  • 1891 (with B. F. West) Triglot Vocabulary (English, Chinese, Malay). Singapore: American Mission Press. Later editions by Methodist Publishing House.
  • 1898 “Some Old Malay Manuscripts.” Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
  • 1899 Practical Malay Grammar. Singapore: American Mission Press.
  • 1901 “The Evolution of Malay Spelling.” Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
  • 1902 Malay-English Vocabulary. Singapore: American Mission Press. Later editions by Methodist Publishing House, 1912, 1925.
  • 1913 “Baba Malay.” Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, no. 65.
    Bahasa Melayu Baba, terjemahan di Wikisource bahasa Indonesia
  • 1913 The Influence of Islam on the Malays: An Essay Presented to the Straits Philosophical Society. Singapore: Methodist Publishing House.
  • 1915 Mohammedanism as Revealed in Its Literature. Singapore: Methodist Publishing House.
  • 1916 English-Malay Dictionary. Singapore: Methodist Publishing House.
  • 1917 “Introduction to the Hikayat Sri Rama.” Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, April, pp. 181–207.
  • 1918 (trans.) Autobiography of Munshi Abdullah. Singapore: Methodist Publishing House.
  • 1919 “Christian Literature for Malaysia.” Muslim World 9, no. 4.
  • 1919 Islam’s Challenge to Methodism. New York: Board of Foreign Missions.
  • 1925 “The Moslem World, Why We Need It.” Muslim World 15, no. 1.
  • 1930 “An Exposure of Counterfeiters.” Muslim World 20, no. 4.
  • 1931 “Can a Moslem Translate the Koran?” Muslim World 21, no. 3.
  • 1931 “Is Sale’s Koran Reliable?” Muslim World 21, no. 2.
  • 1932 “The Meaning of the Word ‘Spirit’ as Used in the Koran.” Muslim World 22, no. 4.
  • 1933 “A Malay Treatise on Popular Sufi Practices.” The Macdonald Presentation Volume. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.
  • 1939 “Dr. Kraemer on Islam.” Muslim World 29, no. 1.
  • 1945 (with Vernon E. Hendershott) Dictionary of Standard Malay. Mountain View, Calif.: Pacific Press Publishing Association.
  • 1946 “The Gospel for the Malays.” Muslim World 36, no. 3.

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