约395年的东罗马军队的高层指挥架构。其中指挥官和军队规模基于帝国东部的《百官志》(Notitia Dignitatum)[34]。东部的军队元帅掌管野战军并直接对皇帝汇报工作。根据阿诺德·休斯·马丁·琼斯(英语:A. H. M. Jones)和修斯·埃尔顿(Hugh Elton)的研究,都督(duces)直接隶属管区的军队元帅。所给出的地点表示这一时期军队在冬季的驻扎地
元首制时期,驻有军团的行省由皇帝管辖,通过委任钦差司令同执事官(英语:Legatus Augusti pro praetore)(Legatus Augusti pro praetore)管理行省军政要务,罗马城的驻军由近卫总长(praefectus praetorio)管辖。到三世纪危机时期,帝国军事方面的大量职权转由近卫总长持有[36],同时各地司令官趁帝国中央集权衰落之际,利用一省军政大权发起叛乱谋夺皇位。
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^Watson, A. Aurelian and the Third Century (2004) p. 5; Southern, P. The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine (2001) pp. 251–2
^Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XI, The High Empire (2008) p. 82
^Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XI, The High Empire (2008) p. 81
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^Southern, P. The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine (2001) pp. 12–13
^Bray, J. J., Gallienus: A Study in Reformist and Sexual Politics (1997) p. 2; Körner, C., Aurelian (A.D. 270–275), De Imperatoribus Romanis (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (2001)
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^Bury, J. B., A History of the Roman Empire from its Foundation to the Death of Marcus Aurelius (1893) p. 38
^Bagnall, R. S.; Cameron, A.; Schwartz, S. R.; Worp, K. A., Consuls of the later Roman Empire (1987) pp.1–2
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^Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian Vol I (1958), pp. 26–28
^Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian Vol I (1958), pp. 27–28
^Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian Vol I (1958), pp. 32–33
^Bowman, A. K. Provincial Administration and Taxation in The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 10: The Augustan Empire 43 B.C. – A.D. 69 (1996) p. 353
^Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian Vol I (1958), pp. 19; 34
^Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian Vol I (1958), p. 34
^Southern, P. The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine (2001) p. 257
^Southern, P. The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine (2001) pp. 153–157
^Kelly, Christopher. Bureaucracy and Government. In Lenski, Noel. The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine (2006), p. 187; Jones, A. H. M., The Later Roman Empire (1964) p. 101
^Jones, A. H. M., The Later Roman Empire (1964) p. 371
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^Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian Vol I (1958), p. 35
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^Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian Vol I (1958), pp. 36–37
^Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian Vol I (1958), p. 63
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