1957年诺贝尔物理学奖

1957年诺贝尔物理学奖颁给杨振宁李政道,理由是“他们对所谓的宇称不守恒定律的敏锐地研究,该定律导致了有关基本粒子的许多重大发现”[1]。评审委员会于1957年10月31日宣布获奖者。他们是首个具有中国国籍[注 1]的诺贝尔奖得主,因此引发了海峡两岸的重视[2]

海峡两岸反应

1957年10月31日,中华民国外交部部长叶公超教育部部长张其昀和驻联合国大使蒋廷黻向二人发去贺电[2]中国共产党因担心引起杨李二人不便,令吴有训周培源钱三强三人以中国物理学会的名义发去贺电[3]

人民日报》11月1日第五版刊载新华社电讯,报道两人获奖,次日于头版报道中国物理学会的贺电。《中央日报》11月1日头版刊载美联社中央社的电讯,之后几日跟进报道。台北《新生报》对李政道家属进行了专访[2]

中共上层派中国物理学家张文裕北京出发,乘苏联飞机转道莫斯科,前去斯德哥尔摩祝贺。12月8日,杨李二人抵达斯德哥尔摩机场,张文裕中华人民共和国驻瑞典大使馆文化参赞徐中夫瑞典外交部、瑞典科学院及诺贝尔奖金委员会代表赴机场欢迎。瑞典邀请中华人民共和国驻瑞典大使韩念龙参加颁奖典礼,但韩因中央社记者洪珊出席典礼而拒绝参加,中国大使的椅子因此空置。杨李二人在典礼结束后打电话邀请张文裕参加庆祝晚宴,张文裕最终于晚宴进行到一半时到场[2]。事后,中华人民共和国政府严厉批评驻瑞典大使馆的不当处理[3]

文化大革命时期,宇称不守恒理论因“打破了静止”,被四人帮利用;1978年5月13日,《光明日报》发表何祚庥的《真理的标准只能是社会实践——从宇称不守恒的发现说起》,批驳了四人帮的观点[4]

注释

  1. ^ 1957年,海峡两岸均认为自己是代表中国的唯一合法政权。杨李二人仅持有中华民国护照,但瑞典基于一个中国原则,仅与中华人民共和国建交。

参考文献

  1. ^ The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957. NobelPrize.org. [2021-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-22) (美国英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 华新民; 王作跃. 李政道杨振宁遭遇冷处理 六十多年前中国人第一次获诺奖. 科学文化评论. 2020, (1) [2021-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-11). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 杨振宁; 何祚庥. 李政道杨振宁获诺贝尔奖的相关情况. 科学文化评论. 2020, (4). 
  4. ^ 宇称不守恒理论在中国的曲折遭遇_私家历史_澎湃新闻-The Paper. www.thepaper.cn. [2021-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-11). 

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